Taxonomy of Trypanosoma cruzi: a commentary on characterization and nomenclature

Momen, Hooman

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761999000700025

Cited by 68 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Seventeen stocks of T. cruzi were used. Previous analysis by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis have shown that T. cruzi natural populations are subdivided into two main genetic clusters and five lesser genetic clusters (3,30) as a result of predominant clonal evolution (48). The stocks were selected to be representative of the entire genetic variability of the parasite (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Gene Expression in Benznidazole-Resistant Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites

Villarreal

Nirdé

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et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We analyzed the differential gene expression among representative Trypanosoma cruzi stocks in relation to benznidazole exposures using a random differentially expressed sequences (RADES) technique. Studies were carried out with drug pressure both at the natural susceptibility level of the wild-type parasite (50% inhibitory concentration for the wild type) and at different resistance levels. The pattern of differential gene expression performed with resistant stocks was compared to the population structure of this parasite, established by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. A RADES band polymorphism was observed, and over- or underexpression was linked to the resistance level of the stock. The analysis of RADES bands suggested that different products may be involved in benznidazole resistance mechanisms. No significant association was found between phylogenetic clustering and benznidazole susceptibility. Benznidazole resistance may involve several mechanisms, depending on the level of drug exposure

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Gene Expression in Benznidazole-Resistant Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites

Villarreal

Nirdé

Hide

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…They were fully characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) at 15 loci (36) and then by both MLEE at 22 different loci (7) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis with 10 primers (37). According to the recently proposed nomenclature (30), major clonets 20 and 19 are included within the T. cruzi I group (zymodeme 1 of Miles et al [25], major lineage 1 of Tibayrenc [38], lineage 2 of Souto et al [35], biodema III of Andrade and Magalhães [4]), whereas both clonets 39 and 32 are included in the T. cruzi II group (zymodeme 2 of Miles et al [25], major lineage 2 of Tibayrenc [38], lineage 1 of Souto et al [35], biodema II of Andrade and Magalhães [4]). Clonet 39 is equivalent to lineages 1 and 2 of Souto et al (35) and is considered a hybrid clonal genotype (21).…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotherapy with Benznidazole and Itraconazole for Mice Infected with Different Trypanosoma cruzi Clonal Genotypes

Toledo

Bahia

Carneiro

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

134

127

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The benznidazole (BZ) and itraconazole (ITC) susceptibilities of a standard set of Trypanosoma cruzi natural stocks were evaluated during the acute phase and the chronic phase of experimental chagasic infection in BALB/c mice. Twenty laboratory-cloned stocks representative of the total phylogenetic diversity of T. cruzi, including genotypes 20 and 19 (T. cruzi I) and genotypes 39 and 32 (T. cruzi II), were analyzed. Our results demonstrate important differences among stocks that could be pointed out as markers of biological behavior. Members of the T. cruzi I group were highly resistant to both BZ and ITC, whereas members of the T. cruzi II group were partially resistant to both drugs, despite their susceptibilities to ITC during the chronic phase of infection. The resistance to BZ observed for T. cruzi I was mainly triggered by genotype 20 isolates, whereas resistance to ITC was due to both genotype 20 and 19 isolates. Two polar patterns of response to BZ observed for genotype 39 isolates had a major impact on the partial resistance pattern observed for members of the T. cruzi II group. Genotype 32 isolates showed a typical profile of susceptibility. The correlation between the response to treatment and phylogenetic classification of T. cruzi stocks was clearer for ITC than for BZ. In conclusion, the data presented show a correlation between phylogenetic divergence among T. cruzi stocks and their susceptibilities to chemotherapeutic agents in vivo. Our results warn of the necessity to take into account the lesser genetic subdivisions of T. cruzi stocks since the upper subdivisions (T. cruzi I and II) show a great deal of heterogeneity for in vivo drug susceptibility.

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“…The division of T. cruzi into two major phylogenetic lineages has been officially recognized and they were named T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II (Momen 1999). The existence of the two groups is now well established on the basis of biological, epidemiological, biochemical and molecular data (revised in Zingales et al 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of microsatellite typing in population genetic studies of Trypanosoma cruzi

Macedo

Pimenta

Aguiar

et al. 2001

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Taxonomy of Trypanosoma cruzi: a commentary on characterization and nomenclature

Cited by 68 publications

References 38 publications

Differential Gene Expression in Benznidazole-Resistant Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites

Differential Gene Expression in Benznidazole-Resistant Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites

Chemotherapy with Benznidazole and Itraconazole for Mice Infected with Different Trypanosoma cruzi Clonal Genotypes

Usefulness of microsatellite typing in population genetic studies of Trypanosoma cruzi

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