Density of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Domestic and Wild Animal Shelters in an Area of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Ximenes, Maria de Fátima Freire de Melo; Souza, Maria de Fátima de; Castellón, Eloy Guillermo

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761999000400001

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is interesting that a higher number of males compared to females were observed, as occurred in previous studies (Aguiar et al 1996, Ximenes et al 1999, Souza et al 2002, Souza et al 2004, Resende et al 2006. The response to octenol seems to be species-specific, and it may act as an attractor to some species and as a repellent to others (Kemme et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Host-preference studies of Lutzomyia spp. frequently use animals, such as chicken, dogs, horses (Quinnell et al 1992, Ximenes et al 1999, Bongiorno et al 2003, and occasionally humans as bait (Quinnell et al 1992, Aguiar et al 1996, Rebollar-Telez et al 1999, Pinto et al 2001. Laboratory assays (e.g., precipitin test) have been used for the identification of hosts that provide the blood meal for the phlebotomine sand flies (Christensen et al 1982, Afonso et al 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Andrade

Dias³

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Haematophagous dipterans of the Nematocera and Brachycera suborders have been objects of study for a better understanding of the behavioral mechanisms used by insects to find their blood meal. This is usually elicited by chemical stimuli (semiochemicals) called kairomones that are often released by the vertebrate hosts (Gibson & Torr 1999).Among the more than 500 species of the subfamily Phlebotominae that are known in the Americas, over 400 belong to the genus Lutzomyia (Young & Duncan 1994, Galati 2003. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva) and L. intermedia (Lutz and Neiva) play an important role in the transmission of leishmaniases (Forattini 1973, Lainson 1989, Lemos & Lima 2005. Host-preference studies of Lutzomyia spp. frequently use animals, such as chicken, dogs, horses (Quinnell et al. 1992, Ximenes et al. 1999, Bongiorno et al. 2003, and occasionally humans as bait (Quinnell et al. 1992, Aguiar et al. 1996, Rebollar-Telez et al. 1999, Pinto et al. 2001. Laboratory assays (e.g., precipitin test) have been used for the identification of hosts that provide the blood meal for the phlebotomine sand flies (Christensen et al. 1982, Afonso et al. 2005). CDC light traps (Sudia & Chamberlain 1962) and Shannon traps (Shannon 1939) have been used as tools for monitoring phlebotomine sand flies, thus eliminating the ethical problems associates with using human bait. However, some studies have shown that certain phlebotomine sand fly species are highly anthropophilic but rarely phototropic (Alexander et al. 1995, Travi et al. 1998, while other species seem to be more phototropic than antropophilic, such as Lutzomyia verrucarum Townsend (Davies et al. 1995). It is possible that these species are responsive to non-specific kairomones such as CO 2 (Quinnell et al. 1992, Campbell-Lendrum et al. 1999a, and can be attracted by different species of hosts. CO 2 is the main volatile kairomone released by vertebrates and it is used by most haematophagous insects to find their hosts (Eiras 2001). Knudsen et al. (1979) demonstrated for the first time the attractiveness of CO 2 (released from dry ice) to phlebotomine sand flies. Light traps (LT) baited with CO 2 enhanced the capture of phlebotomine sand flies in the field (Chaniots 1983), despite the fact that attraction to CO 2 was not observed in the laboratory (Nigam & Ward 1991).The chemical 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) is an important kairomone used by zoophilic dipteran species of the families Muscidae, Tabanidae, Ceratopogonidae and Culicidae to seek their hosts (Kline at al. 1990, Gibson & Torr 1999, Bernier et al. 2000, Eiras 2001). To date, there is no evidence supporting the trapping of phlebotomine sand flies with this kairomone. Lactic acid was the first kairomone identified from human skin (Acree et al. 1968), and its effect in attracting mosquitoes has been evaluated, especially in combination with CO 2 (Kline et al. 1990, Eiras & Jepson 1991, ammonia and some fatty acids (Geier et al. 1999). Ammonia was identified from vertebrate odors in the 1970s (Larson et al. 19...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Andrade

Dias³

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…When working with eight different species of these flies, Teodoro et al (2007) captured twice as many individuals in the presence of chickens. According to Ximenes et al (1999), the presence of domestic animals associated with poor cleaning conditions contributes to the maintenance of high abundance of Lu. longipalpis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic factors and occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Oliveira¹,

Silva

Fernandes³

et al. 2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The relationships between environmental exposure to risk agents and health conditions have been studied with the aid of remote sensing imagery, a tool particularly useful in the study of vegetation cover. This study aims to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the spatial distribution of the abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis and the reported canine and human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases at an urban area of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The sandfly captures were performed in 13 residences that were selected by raffle considering four residences or collection station for buffer. These buffers were generated from the central house with about 50, 100 and 200 m from it in an endemic area of VL. The abundance of sandflies and human and canine cases were georreferenced using the GIS software PCI Geomatica. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and percentage of land covered by vegetation were the environmental variables extracted from a remote sensing IKONOS-2 image. The average NDVI was considered as the complexity of habitat and the standard deviation as the heterogeneity of habitat. One thousand three hundred sixty-seven specimens were collected during the catch. We found a significant positive linear correlation between the abundance of sandflies and the percentage of vegetation cover and average NDVI. However, there was no significant association between habitat heterogeneity and the abundance of these flies

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“…A comparison of sand flies present in domestic and wild animal shelters revealed that shelters of armadillos and rodents were preferred to horse and chicken shelters. Pregnant and/or engorged L. evandroi females possibly use different animals as a source of food and choose more enclosed sites for shelter and rest after copulation and/or feeding (Ximenes et al 1999). …”

Section: Under Experimental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the bological cycle of Lutzomyia evandroi Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936 (Diptera: Psychodidae) under experimental conditions

Ximenes

Maciel

Jerônimo

2001

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Density of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Domestic and Wild Animal Shelters in an Area of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Biotic factors and occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Characteristics of the bological cycle of Lutzomyia evandroi Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936 (Diptera: Psychodidae) under experimental conditions

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