Epidemiological Characteristics of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Rural and Urban Endemic Areas of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Amorim, Márcia Nogueira; Rabello, Ana; Contreras, Rabindranah Loyola; Katz, Naftale

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761997000500001

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…However, a lot of positive non-symptomatic carriers escaped. They maintain the disease on lower prevalence levels and trigger spreading of the disease into uninfected areas (Carmo & Baretto 1994, Amorim 1997, Coura-Filho 1997a, Barbosa 1998, Grault et al 1998). In our case, this group is represented through the infected, nonsymptomatic residents of the site who were not detected through the common health system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute schistosomiasis outbreak in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais: alert about the risk of unnoticed transmission increased by growing rural tourism

Enk

Amorim

Schall

2003

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute schistosomiasis outbreak in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais: alert about the risk of unnoticed transmission increased by growing rural tourism

Enk

Amorim

Schall

2003

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…In small towns, low socioeconomic status, low quality of housing and lack of safe household water supplies in poor neighborhoods, children swimming and playing in infective water, people who had water contact in rural areas, and migration from and periodic return movements to rural areas were highly predictive of schistosomiasis infection (Lima e Costa et al, 1987; Barreto, 1993; Kloetzel, 1989; Amorim et al, 1997; Barbosa et al, 2000; Ximenes et al, 2001). Schistosomiasis prevalence in Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, a city with more than 3 million inhabitants, has been between 7–10% during much of the last 7 decades, similar to the overall rates for the State of Minas Gerais (Schall et al, 2001).…”

Section: Socioeconomic Determinants Of Schistosomiasis Transmission Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposures related to vacationing, tourism and weekly recreation activities have been identified as an increasingly important schistosomiasis risk factor for more affluent groups in both rural and urban areas (Amorim et al, 1997; Barbosa et al, 2000). This includes visits to rural areas by urban residents of large metropolitan areas who normally are not at risk of infection (Enk et al, 2004).…”

Section: Socioeconomic Determinants Of Schistosomiasis Transmission Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic studies of schistosomiasis in Brazil: A review

et al. 2008

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This review finds considerable evidence that socioeconomic status has significantly influenced the transmission, spread and treatment of schistosomiasis in Brazil. High infection rates persist among both the rural and urban poor. Rural living, poor housing and water supplies and low educational level were major factors in schistosomiasis occurrence among agricultural populations. In urban areas, prevailing living conditions in shantytowns and labor migrations from and periodic return movements to rural areas were predictive of schistosomiasis. The risk of the establishment of new transmission foci exists in both rural and urban areas, conferred by and affecting poorer people. Associations between schistosomiasis and socioeconomic parameters, persisting inequities in health services accessibility, prevailing health impacts of schistosomiasis, and the ongoing decentralization of health services point to opportunities and strategies for focused interventions aimed at promoting health-enhancing behavior and living conditions and improving access to health care. The authors call for multidisciplinary studies to better examine the complexities of the socioeconomic environment in relation to schistosomiasis and for economic programs to reduce prevailing socioeconomic inequalities.

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“…While the disease is usually thought of as a rural problem, it is increasingly recognized in large urban areas of Brazil [1,2,3,4,5,6]. In Brazil, urbanization has been rapid, and today 86% of Brazilians live in cities [7] compared with 80% of the US population [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relative Contribution of Immigration or Local Increase for Persistence of Urban Schistosomiasis in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

et al. 2015

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Urbanization is increasing across the globe, and diseases once considered rural can now be found in urban areas due to the migration of populations from rural endemic areas, local transmission within the city, or a combination of factors. We investigated the epidemiologic characteristics of urban immigrants and natives living in a neighborhood of Salvador, Brazil where there is a focus of transmission of Schistosoma mansoni. In a cross-sectional study, all inhabitants from 3 sections of the community were interviewed and examined. In order to determine the degree of parasite differentiation between immigrants and the native born, S. mansoni eggs from stools were genotyped for 15 microsatellite markers. The area received migrants from all over the state, but most infected children had never been outside of the city, and infected snails were present at water contact sites. Other epidemiologic features suggested immigration contributed little to the presence of infection. The intensity and prevalence of infection were the same for immigrants and natives when adjusted for age, and length of immigrant residence in the community was positively associated with prevalence of infection. The population structure of the parasites also supported that the contribution from immigration was small, since the host-to-host differentiation was no greater in the urban parasite population than a rural population with little distant immigration, and there had been little differentiation in the urban population over the past 7 years. Public health efforts should focus on eliminating local transmission, and once eliminated, reintroduction from distant migration is unlikely.

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Rural and Urban Endemic Areas of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract: To compare the epidemiological profile and socioeconomic factors associated to the infection by

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Acute schistosomiasis outbreak in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais: alert about the risk of unnoticed transmission increased by growing rural tourism

Acute schistosomiasis outbreak in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais: alert about the risk of unnoticed transmission increased by growing rural tourism

Socioeconomic studies of schistosomiasis in Brazil: A review

The Relative Contribution of Immigration or Local Increase for Persistence of Urban Schistosomiasis in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

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