Occurrence of cystacanths of Centrorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala: Centrorhynchidae) in toads of the genus Eupsophus in Chile

Anurans as Intermediate and Paratenic Hosts of Helminth Infections in the Rainforest and Derived Savanna Biotopes of Southern Nigeria

“…The presence of cysticanths in the organs of the viscera of anurans, as found in this study, is usually indicative of a role as paratenic hosts [4,7,12]. According to Santos and Amato [12], paratenic hosts act as a trophic bridge between the intermediate and definitive host, concentrating and passing the cystacanths to the definitive host.…”

“…Apart from this established role, anurans also serve as intermediate hosts [1][2][3][4][5][6] or as paratenic hosts [3,[7][8][9][10][11][12], in the trophical transmission of helminth infections to a number of vertebrate hosts. Reports of these alternative roles have received the attention of various investigators in Europe [2,5,10,13,14], Canada [6], USA [1,8], and South America [4,11,12]. Except for the report of Jackson and Tinsley [9], discussing the use of hymenochirine anurans as transport hosts in camallanid nematode life cycles and the anecdotal reference of Aisien et al [15,16] to the same role in the amphibians of the savanna in Nigeria, there is a dearth of information on these phenomena in Africa.…”

First report of pigmentation dystrophy in terrestrial isopods, Atlantoscia floridana (van Name) (Isopoda, Oniscidea), induced by larval acanthocephalans

“…and reptiles [3 records, generically referred as snakes, 2 for Drymobius bifossatus ( = Mastigodryas bifossatus (Raddi, 1820)], 1 for Herpetodryas sexcarinatus [incorrectly identified, being either Pseustes sexcarinatus (Wagler, 1824) or Chironius carinatus (Linnaeus, 1758)], both occurring in southeastern Brazil, and 1 for Ameiva ameiva (Linnaeus, 1758) (today considered a complex formed by many subspecies) as paratenic hosts. TORRES & PUGA (1996) and PUGA & TORRES (1999) recorded encysted cystacanths in paratenic hosts from Chile, which they identified as Centrorhynchus sp., although their drawings show that the acanthocephalans might belong to Sphaerirostris for having the proboscis with a spherical anterior portion and a larger number of hooks in the longitudinal rows.…”

New records of Helminths in Reptiles from five states of Brazil

“…Paracapillaria, Dracunculus and Physaloptera are considered generalists, being frequently reported infecting amphibians and reptiles (Torres and Puga, 1996;Timi et al, 2007;Moravec and Santos, 2009;Pereira et al, 2012).…”