Toxigenic and invasive capacities: possible pathogenic mechanisms in Arcobacter cryaerophilus

Fernández, Heriberto; Eller, G.; Paillacar, J; Gajardo, T; Riquelme, Arnoldo

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761995000500018

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Histological lesion such as disruption of cytoskeletal structure of the ileum, marked necrosis, desquamation, stunting, matting and atrophy of the villi, goblet cell hyperplasia were clear evidence of the toxigenic potentials observed in a study (Fernandez et al, 1995). The observation possibly indicates evidence of adherence factors and colonization of the intestine by pilation process described as ability of bacteria to adhere to entero-receptor sites on specific cells surface thereby enabling the organism to colonize the intestine (Carbone et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Histopathological Changes Associated with Experimental Infection of Arcobacter butzleri in Albino Rats

Adesiji¹,

Benjamin²,

Olaitan³

2010

Sierra Leone j. biomed. res.

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Arcobacters are emerging food borne pathogens potentially associated with prolonged diarrhoea and occasional systemic infections but the pathogenic mechanisms of these bacteria are largely unknown. This study was designed to investigate the pathogenicity of Arcobacter isolates. Two strains of A. butzleri isolated from stool of healthy chickens were confirmed with real time PCR and tested on albino rat by giving a single oral challenge of 10 9 cfu/ml to 65 healthy adult male rats. Five (5) uninfected animals were used as control. Diarrheoal illness occurred in all rats from the fifth day and resolved from day 21 post infection, severe histopathological lesion such as hepatic necrosis, villous erosion, desquamation, matting and necrosis of the segments of small intestine was also observed. In this study, the toxic ileitis necrosis pattern of pathology in the gut of experimentally infected rats could be an indication of observed persistent watery diarrhea associated with the clinical presentation of Arcobacter infection in humans. The pathology of A. butzleri in albino rats had not been previously described, and it appears that the present study is the first report in Nigeria. It may therefore be useful for further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Histopathological Changes Associated with Experimental Infection of Arcobacter butzleri in Albino Rats

Adesiji¹,

Benjamin²,

Olaitan³

2010

Sierra Leone j. biomed. res.

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“…The pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms of Arcobacter species are still poorly understood, despite several studies having investigated their adhesion capacity (17,60,66,76,114,153), invasiveness (47,66,114,153), and cytotoxicity (17,60,87,114,153,158) in several cell lines (Table 3). Collectively, in those studies 56% (55/59), 20% (9/44), and 85% (164/194) of the strains tested showed adhesion, invasion, and cytotoxicity, respectively (Table 3), with toxicity and adherence therefore being the most commonly observed effects (17,60,66,76,87,114,153,158).…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differences observed among the different studies may be due to the origin of the strains (environmental versus clinical) as well as to different cell lines used in those studies (162). The capacity for in vitro invasion of cell lines has been demonstrated mainly for A. cryaerophilus (47,66), while Wesley et al (161) indicated that A. butzleri could be the most invasive species in experimental animal infections. The virulence of A. cryaerophilus was first described when it was observed that the strains tested induced the accumulation of fluid and electrolytes in the rat ileal loop assay and showed in vitro invasion of Hep-2 cells (47).…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity for in vitro invasion of cell lines has been demonstrated mainly for A. cryaerophilus (47,66), while Wesley et al (161) indicated that A. butzleri could be the most invasive species in experimental animal infections. The virulence of A. cryaerophilus was first described when it was observed that the strains tested induced the accumulation of fluid and electrolytes in the rat ileal loop assay and showed in vitro invasion of Hep-2 cells (47). This species seems to be more virulent for animals than the other species, because it is able to invade both the porcine intestinal tissues and the placenta, disseminating to the fetus, as demonstrated in a case of an infection in sows transmitted to their offspring (68).…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Clinical Relevance of the Genus Arcobacter

2011

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SUMMARY The genus Arcobacter , defined almost 20 years ago from members of the genus Campylobacter , has become increasingly important because its members are being considered emergent enteropathogens and/or potential zoonotic agents. Over recent years information that is relevant for microbiologists, especially those working in the medical and veterinary fields and in the food safety sector, has accumulated. Recently, the genus has been enlarged with several new species. The complete genomes of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter nitrofigilis are available, with the former revealing diverse pathways characteristic of free-living microbes and virulence genes homologous to those of Campylobacter. The first multilocus sequence typing analysis showed a great diversity of sequence types, with no association with specific hosts or geographical regions. Advances in detection and identification techniques, mostly based on molecular methods, have been made. These microbes have been associated with water outbreaks and with indicators of fecal pollution, with food products and water as the suspected routes of transmission. This review updates this knowledge and provides the most recent data on the taxonomy, species diversity, methods of detection, and identification of these microbes as well as on their virulence potential and implication in human and animal diseases.

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“…The fact that Arcobacter spp. have been frequently isolated from animals, food of animal origin, drinking water, plants, and the environment is strong evidence in support of its zoonotic potential [13]. Livestock in particular may act as a significant reservoir of Arcobacter spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal shedding of Arcobacter species following experimental infection in rats: Public health implications

Adesiji

2010

Open Medicine

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AbstractArcobacter spp. are emerging food borne pathogens associated with prolonged diarrhea and occasional systemic infections such as bactereamia and peritonitis in humans. Information on faecal shedding patterns to assess the potential role they play within the intestine however, is lacking. This study was designed to investigate faecal shedding of local isolates of Arcobacter spp. Using real time PCR for confirmation, A. cryaerophilus and A. butzleri were isolated from the stool of healthy chickens. Pathogenicity of the organisms was tested by administering a single oral challenge of 102–109 cfu/ml to 45 healthy adult male albino rats divided equally among 5 groups. Uninfected rats were used as the control group. A. cryaerophilus and A. butzleri produced infection in 100% of the animals. Experimental infection was dose dependent and caused diarrheal illness and faecal shedding was noted up to 5 weeks post infection. The present study demonstrates that rats can act as a reservoir and potential source of Arcobacter infection in humans and animals exposed to this pathogen.

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Toxigenic and invasive capacities: possible pathogenic mechanisms in Arcobacter cryaerophilus

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Histopathological Changes Associated with Experimental Infection of Arcobacter butzleri in Albino Rats

Histopathological Changes Associated with Experimental Infection of Arcobacter butzleri in Albino Rats

Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Clinical Relevance of the Genus Arcobacter

Faecal shedding of Arcobacter species following experimental infection in rats: Public health implications

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