Faecal shedding of Arcobacter species following experimental infection in rats: Public health implications

Adesiji, Yemisi Olukemi

doi:10.2478/s11536-009-0109-3

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…butzleri shedding rats was self-limiting and could be observed for up to five weeks p.i. pointing towards a potential etiologic role in human diarrhea [ 30 ]. In contrast, A .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arcobacter butzleri Induce Colonic, Extra-Intestinal and Systemic Inflammatory Responses in Gnotobiotic IL-10 Deficient Mice in a Strain-Dependent Manner

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe immunopathological impact of human Arcobacter (A.) infections is under current debate. Episodes of gastroenteritis with abdominal pain and acute or prolonged watery diarrhea were reported for A. butzleri infected patients. Whereas adhesive, invasive and cytotoxic capacities have been described for A. butzleri in vitro, only limited information is available about the immunopathogenic potential and mechanisms of infection in vivo.Methodology/Principal FindingsGnotobiotic IL-10-/- mice were generated by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and perorally infected with the A. butzleri strains CCUG 30485 and C1 shown to be invasive in cell culture assays. Bacterial colonization capacities, clinical conditions, intestinal, extra-intestinal and systemic immune responses were monitored at day six and 16 postinfection (p.i.). Despite stable intestinal A. butzleri colonization at high loads, gnotobiotic IL-10-/- mice were virtually unaffected and did not display any overt symptoms at either time point. Notably, A. butzleri infection induced apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells which was paralleled by increased abundance of proliferating cells. Furthermore A. butzleri infection caused a significant increase of distinct immune cell populations such as T and B cells, regulatory T cells, macrophages and monocytes in the colon which was accompanied by elevated colonic TNF, IFN-γ, nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, IL-12p70 and MCP-1 concentrations. Strikingly, A. butzleri induced extra-intestinal and systemic immune responses as indicated by higher NO concentrations in kidney and increased TNF, IFN-γ, IL-12p70 and IL-6 levels in serum samples of infected as compared to naive mice. Overall, inflammatory responses could be observed earlier in the course of infection by the CCUG 30485 as compared to the C1 strain.Conclusion/SignificancePeroral A. butzleri infection induced not only intestinal but also extra-intestinal and systemic immune responses in gnotobiotic IL-10-/- mice in a strain-dependent manner. These findings point towards an immunopathogenic potential of A. butzleri in vertebrate hosts.

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“…butzleri shedding rats was self-limiting and could be observed for up to five weeks p.i. pointing towards a potential etiologic role in human diarrhea [ 30 ]. In contrast, A .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arcobacter butzleri Induce Colonic, Extra-Intestinal and Systemic Inflammatory Responses in Gnotobiotic IL-10 Deficient Mice in a Strain-Dependent Manner

et al. 2015

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“…Similarly, A. butzleri did not induce disease in conventional chicken, but can cause disease in turkey strains (Wesley & Baetz 1999). Similarly, experimental infection of adult rats with Arcobacter led to watery diarrhea and imbalanced serum electrolytes which depends on the bacterial load, while neonatal albino rats suffered from self-limiting diarrhea, small intestinal and hepatic necrosis (Adesiji 2010;Adesiji et al 2012). Açik et al (2016) for the first time experimentally studied A. butzleri infection in wild zebrafish.…”

Section: Disease In Animals Caused By Arcobactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arcobacter: an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen, its public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control – a comprehensive review

Ramees

Dhama

Karthik

et al. 2017

Veterinary Quarterly

135

130

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Arcobacter has emerged as an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing sometimes serious infections in humans and animals. Newer species of Arcobacter are being incessantly emerging (presently 25 species have been identified) with novel information on the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic diversity among different Arcobacter species. These have been reported from chickens, domestic animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, dogs), reptiles (lizards, snakes and chelonians), meat (poultry, pork, goat, lamb, beef, rabbit), vegetables and from humans in different countries. Arcobacters are implicated as causative agents of diarrhea, mastitis and abortion in animals, while causing bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. Three species including A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii are predominantly associated with clinical conditions. Arcobacters are primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water sources. Identification of Arcobacter by biochemical tests is difficult and isolation remains the gold standard method. Current diagnostic advances have provided various molecular methods for efficient detection and differentiation of the Arcobacters at genus and species level. To overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance problem there is an essential need to explore the potential of novel and alternative therapies. Strengthening of the diagnostic aspects is also suggested as in most cases Arcobacters goes unnoticed and hence the exact epidemiological status remains uncertain. This review updates the current knowledge and many aspects of this important food-borne pathogen, namely etiology, evolution and emergence, genetic diversity, epidemiology, the disease in animals and humans, public health concerns, and advances in its diagnosis, prevention and control.

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“…Furthermore, in neonatal piglets A. butzleri displayed rather invasive properties and could also be isolated from extra-intestinal compartments including kidney, liver and brain [ 27 ]. Whereas neonatal albino rats presented with self-limiting diarrhea and small intestinal as well as hepatic necrosis, adult rats exerted watery diarrhea and disturbed serum electrolyte balance in a pathogen-load-dependent manner [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of small intestinal and systemic immune responses following murine Arcobacter butzleri infection

et al. 2015

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BackgroundArcobacter (A.) butzleri has been described as causative agent for sporadic cases of human gastroenteritis with abdominal pain and acute or prolonged watery diarrhea. In vitro studies revealed distinct adhesive, invasive and cytotoxic properties of A. butzleri. Information about the underlying immunopathological mechanisms of infection in vivo, however, are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunopathological properties of two different A.butzleri strains in a well-established murine infection model.ResultsGnotobiotic IL-10−/− mice, in which the intestinal microbiota was depleted by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, were perorally infected with two different A. butzleri strains isolated from a diseased patient (CCUG 30485) or fresh chicken meat (C1), respectively. Eventhough bacteria of either strain could stably colonize the intestinal tract at day 6 and day 16 postinfection (p.i.), mice did not exert infection induced symptoms such as diarrhea or wasting. In small intestines of infected mice, however, increased numbers of apoptotic cells could be detected at day 16, but not day 6 following infection with either strain. A strain-dependent influx of distinct immune cell populations such as T and B cells as well as of regulatory T cells could be observed upon A. butzleri infection which was accompanied by increased small intestinal concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IFN-γ, MCP-1 and IL-6. Remarkably, inflammatory responses following A. butzleri infection were not restricted to the intestinal tract, given that the CCUG 30485 strain induced systemic immune responses as indicated by increased IFN-γ concentrations in spleens at day 6, but not day 16 following infection.ConclusionUpon peroral infection A. butzleri stably colonized the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic IL-10−/− mice. The dynamics of distinct local and systemic inflammatory responses could be observed in a strain-dependent fashion pointing towards an immunopathogenic potential of A. butzleri in vivo. These results indicate that gnotobiotic IL-10−/− mice are well suited to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying arcobacteriosis in vivo.

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Faecal shedding of Arcobacter species following experimental infection in rats: Public health implications

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Arcobacter butzleri Induce Colonic, Extra-Intestinal and Systemic Inflammatory Responses in Gnotobiotic IL-10 Deficient Mice in a Strain-Dependent Manner

Arcobacter butzleri Induce Colonic, Extra-Intestinal and Systemic Inflammatory Responses in Gnotobiotic IL-10 Deficient Mice in a Strain-Dependent Manner

Arcobacter: an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen, its public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control – a comprehensive review

Survey of small intestinal and systemic immune responses following murine Arcobacter butzleri infection

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