Outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Rio Doce Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil

American visceral leishmaniasis dissociated from Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

“…intermedia, Mg. migonei and Pi. fischeri predominate, like in the locality of Joebinha (Alfredo Chaves) and in other regions in Espírito Santo and in Brazil 24,25,26,27 .…”

Distribution of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) at different altitudes in an endemic region of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

“…braziliensis transmission. Hermeto et al (1994) noted a high degree of anthropophily and attraction to light by this sand fly in an ACLendemic area situated at 680 m asl in the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais, where Lu. monticola comprised 43 (39.8%) of 108 sand flies collected.…”

“…Tropical climatic conditions and altitudes of up to 800 m above sea level (asl) favor transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Mogollón et al 1977, Bonfante-Garrido 1983, Añez et al 1988, including in Brazil (Forattini et al 1972, Aguiar et al 1987, Azevedo & Rangel 1991, Passos et al 1993, Hermeto et al 1994, Domingos et al 1998, Gomes & Neves 1998, Rangel et al 1999.…”

Immunochemotherapy in American cutaneous leishmaniasis: immunological aspects before and after treatment

“…A vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis developed by Mayrink et al (1979) has been used not only in the prevention of the disease (Mayrink et al 1985, Nascimento et al 1990) but also as an immunotherapeutic agent in cases where the antimonium salts can not be used (Mayrink et al 1992, Hermeto et al 1994, confirming the results of Convit et al (1987) who used a different promastigote antigen preparation in association with BCG. This protocol, although highly successful, had the caveat of being substantially longer than conventional chemotherapy with antimonium salts.…”