Malaria Control - Multisectorial approach

Tauil, Pedro Luíz

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761992000700059

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Malaria in the Brazilian Amazon is unstable; its transmission fluctuates seasonally, being sustained by a low vectorial capacity, compared with areas of stable malaria. 14,17,27 Consequently, clinical immunity to the disease is rarely seen, even in adults. In addition, the distribution of malaria in the Amazon region is not homogeneous.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Malaria has mainly affected the migrant populations coming from malaria-free areas of the country, attracted by opportunities for farming and mining. 13,14 This was largely in response to the agricultural settlement projects of the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform, whose main emphasis was to start farms. Moreover, stimulated by the government migration policies and stricken by drastic impoverishment, large numbers of people moved in the 1980s to the Amazon Region looking for job opportunities in the gold-rich areas.…”

Section: -5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular responses to Plasmodium falciparum major surface antigens and their relationship to human activities associated with malaria transmission.

Carvalho¹,

Fontes²,

Krettli³

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In Brazil, two types of activities have led to the worsening of malarial transmission in the Amazon region: prospecting/mining and agricultural settlements. In the present study, we analyze the cellular response of 52 of these individuals (14 gold-miners and 38 farmers) living within the same endemic area. Two Plasmodium falciparum major surface antigens (recombinant proteins) were used for cellular proliferative assays: circumsporozoite protein and merozoite surface protein-1. The frequency of these cellular responses were significantly higher among the miners (57-64%) than the farmers (10-20%) when either recombinant protein was used. Our data suggest that a higher exposure to malaria of the gold-miners contributed to their higher in vitro cellular response compared with the farmers. These findings point the way to further studies evaluating the influence of risk factors associated with the life styles of different social groups and the immune responses to these antigens.Research directed towards developing an effective vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum has been conducted for decades. 1 The surface antigens of sporozoites and merozoites are of particular interest because they represent two of the major candidates for inclusion in a subunit vaccine. The major constituents of the merozoite surface are polypeptides derived from a high molecular mass precursor protein known as merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1). Immunization with proteins derived from MSP-1 has been shown to protect animals from experimental infections, demonstrating its usefulness as a potential vaccine target. 2-5The best characterized of the anti-sporozoite vaccine candidates is the circumsporozoite (CS) protein. 6 Initial clinical trials with the central repeat epitope of the P. falciparum CS protein, (NANP) n , resulted in a low level of protection. 7,8 New clinical trials with the CS protein have been carried out in small number of subjects, 9,10 but only one CS subunit vaccine was shown to be protective. 11 Although these results represent a considerable advance in the development of malaria vaccines, it is still important to better understand the immune mechanisms involved in natural transmission, in which there are multiple parasite strains and the levels of transmission are variable.In Latin America, malaria remains a serious public health problem affecting the lives and health of certain social groups, particularly those engaged in forest-related economic activities, gem mining, and work on road construction and hydroelectric dams. In Brazil, malaria is endemic in the Amazon area, which comprises 51% of the country's territory and harbors only 9% of its inhabitants.12 Malaria has mainly affected the migrant populations coming from malaria-free areas of the country, attracted by opportunities for farming and mining. 13,14 This was largely in response to the agricultural settlement projects of the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform, whose main emphasis was to start farms. Moreover, stimulated by the gove...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular responses to Plasmodium falciparum major surface antigens and their relationship to human activities associated with malaria transmission.

Carvalho¹,

Fontes²,

Krettli³

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Forty municipalities were classified as medium risk (an API between 50 and 10) and 738 as low risk (an API less than 10). Migration, mineral and vegetal exploration, development projects and disorganized settlement are important factors which increase the risk of malaria infection [ 3 , 5 – 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015

et al. 2021

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Background Malaria causes 400 thousand deaths worldwide annually. In 2018, 25% (187,693) of the total malaria cases in the Americas were in Brazil, with nearly all (99%) Brazilian cases in the Amazon region. The Bolsa Família Programme (BFP) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme launched in 2003 to reduce poverty and has led to improvements in health outcomes. CCT programmes may reduce the burden of malaria by alleviating poverty and by promoting access to healthcare, however this relationship is underexplored. This study investigated the association between BFP coverage and malaria incidence in Brazil. Methods A longitudinal panel study was conducted of 807 municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015. Negative binomial regression models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic covariates and time trends were employed with fixed effects specifications. Results A one percentage point increase in municipal BFP coverage was associated with a 0.3% decrease in the incidence of malaria (RR = 0.997; 95% CI = 0.994–0.998). The average municipal BFP coverage increased 24 percentage points over the period 2004–2015 corresponding to be a reduction of 7.2% in the malaria incidence. Conclusions Higher coverage of the BFP was associated with a reduction in the incidence of malaria. CCT programmes should be encouraged in endemic regions for malaria in order to mitigate the impact of disease and poverty itself in these settings.

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Asymptomatic Carriers of Plasmodium spp. as Infection Source for Malaria Vector Mosquitoes in the Brazilian Amazon

Alves

Gil²,

Marrelli

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Entomology

175

147

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We have described the existence of asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections in native Amazon populations. Most of them had low parasitemias, detected only by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Because they remain symptomless and untreated, we wanted to determine whether they could infect Anopheles darlingi Root, the main Brazilian vector, and act as disease reservoirs. Fifteen adult asymptomatic patients (PCR positive only) were selected, and experimental infections of mosquitoes were performed by direct feeding and by a membrane-feeding system. Seventeen adult symptomatic patients with high parasitemias were used as controls. We found an infection rate in An. darlingi of 1.2% for the asymptomatic carriers and 22% for the symptomatic carriers. Although the asymptomatic group infected mosquitoes at a much lower rate, these patients remain infective longer than treated, symptomatic patients. Also, the prevalence of asymptomatic infections is 4 to 5 times higher than symptomatic infections among natives. These results have implications for the malaria control program in Brazil, which focuses essentially on the treatment of symptomatic patients.

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Malaria Control - Multisectorial approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Cellular responses to Plasmodium falciparum major surface antigens and their relationship to human activities associated with malaria transmission.

Cellular responses to Plasmodium falciparum major surface antigens and their relationship to human activities associated with malaria transmission.

The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015

Asymptomatic Carriers of Plasmodium spp. as Infection Source for Malaria Vector Mosquitoes in the Brazilian Amazon

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