Analysis of the interacting components between larval Schistosoma mansoni and schistosome-susceptible and resistant Biomphalaria glabrata

Abstract. The cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) mediates interactions of immune and inflammatory cells in mammals. Previous reports also have linked plasma (cell‐free hemolymph) levels of IL‐1β in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata to resistance against Schistosoma mansoni. In the present study, fluorescent probes were used to study larval schistosome and snail hemocyte viability during in vitro encounters. Hemolymph (plasma and hemocytes) from schistosome‐susceptible (M‐line) and resistant (13–16‐R1) B. glabrata was added to sporocysts of S. mansoni and the viability of hemocytes and parasites was assessed. Next, IL‐1β was added to sporocyst‐hemolymph samples, the viability of sporocysts and hemocytes determined and then compared to control assays. The number of live sporocysts present after incubation for 1 h with hemolymph from M‐line snails was significantly greater than the number seen when hemolymph from 13–16‐R1 snails was tested. Nearly all sporocysts survived the 1 h incubation with M‐line hemolymph, and most of the hemocytes attached to sporocysts were dead. In contrast, nearly all sporocysts were dead when hemolymph from 13–16‐R1 snails was tested, and most attached hemocytes were alive. Addition of IL‐1β to M‐line hemolymph resulted in a dramatic increase in sporocyst death. Addition of IL‐1β to 13–16‐R1 hemolymph produced a small but significant increase in the rate of sporocyst death. These results indicate that the concentration of IL‐1β present in hemolymph from B. glabrata is directly related to the ability of this snail to kill S. mansoni sporocysts in vitro.

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Effects of exogenous interleukin‐1β on primary sporocysts of Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda) incubated with plasma and hemocytes from schistosome‐susceptible and resistant Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda)

Granath

Connors

Raines

2001

Invertebrate Biology

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Hemocytes of Schistosome-Resistant and -Susceptible Biomphalaria glabrata Recognize Different Antigens on the Surface of Schistosoma mansoni Sporocysts

Agner¹,

Granath²

1995

The Journal of Parasitology

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A cytoadherence assay was used to determine whether antibodies to plasma and hemocyte components of Schistosoma mansoni-susceptible (M-line) and -resistant (10-R2, 13-16-R1) strains of Biomphalaria glabrata affected attachment of hemocytes to chemically fixed schistosome sporocysts differentially. Experiments used purified, intact IgG and purified Fab fragments of each antibody. Indirect fluorescent antibody tests confirmed that the intact purified IgG to plasma and hemocytes from the 3 strains of snails bound to sporocysts. There was no qualitative difference in fluorescence among any of the antibodies to snail components, although the various antibodies affected adherence of hemocytes to the parasite differentially. Adherence assays revealed that antibodies to plasma components inhibited binding of hemocytes from the snail strain to which the antibody was generated. Additionally, antibody to plasma from resistant strains of B. glabrata inhibited binding of hemocytes from the homologous and heterologous resistant strains but not hemocytes from susceptible snails. Antibody to hemocytes from M-line snails did not inhibit binding of hemocytes from any of the snail strains. Since results of assays using intact IgG correlated well with assays using their Fab fragment counterparts, it was concluded that hemocytes from the 3 snail strains utilize specific antigen-binding sites on sporocysts. Results of these assays also indicate that, with regard to the mechanism of hemocyte binding to sporocysts, M-line and 13-16-R1 snails are more dissimilar than M-line and 10-R2 or 10-R2 and 13-16-R1 B. glabrata.

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Analysis of the interacting components between larval Schistosoma mansoni and schistosome-susceptible and resistant Biomphalaria glabrata

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Effects of exogenous interleukin‐1β on primary sporocysts of Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda) incubated with plasma and hemocytes from schistosome‐susceptible and resistant Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda)

Effects of exogenous interleukin‐1β on primary sporocysts of Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda) incubated with plasma and hemocytes from schistosome‐susceptible and resistant Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda)

Hemocytes of Schistosome-Resistant and -Susceptible Biomphalaria glabrata Recognize Different Antigens on the Surface of Schistosoma mansoni Sporocysts

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