Leishmania infantum, the aetiological agent of american visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL)?

Momen, Hooman; Grimaldi, Gabriel; Deane, L. M.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761987000300022

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…This fact suggests that the introduction of L. chagasi to the American continent occurred at a single time point and that all strains in the Americas are derived from this zymodeme or that only this zymodeme found conditions that permitted the adaptation and propagation of the parasite. This fact may also explain the homogeneity of L. chagasi observed in this study and reported by other investigators 12 . The homogeneity of this species may also be related to the poor diversity of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in the transmission cycle or to the fact that all isolates analyzed were obtained from a single anatomical site on the animals (intact skin), somehow standardizing subpopulations that show tropism for this site.…”

Section: Ethical Considerationssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The identity of the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas has been the matter of numerous discussions [7][8][9] . For a long time, L. chagasi has been considered to be an autochthonous agent in the New World, and this hypothesis directed studies that genetically compared L. chagasi and L. infantum using isolates obtained from different hosts and by different methods [10][11][12][13] . In all studies cited, L. chagasi and L. infantum presented similar genetic profiles and were considered to be the same species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi strains isolated from dogs originating from two visceral leishmaniasis-endemic areas in Brazil using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis

Coutinho

Santos

Baptista

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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INTRODUCTION: Domestic dogs are the most important reservoir in the peridomestic transmission cycle of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. The genetic variability of subpopulations of this parasite circulating in dogs has not been thoroughly analyzed in Brazil, even though this knowledge has important implications in the clinical-epidemiological context. METHODS: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the phenotypic variability of 153 L. chagasi strains isolated from dogs originating from the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro (n = 57) and Belo Horizonte (n = 96), where the disease is endemic. Strains isolated only from intact skin were selected and analyzed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis using nine enzyme systems (6PG, GPI, NH1 and NH2, G6P, PGM, MDH, ME, and IDHNADP). RESULTS: The electrophoretic profile was identical for all isolates analyzed and was the same as that of the L. chagasi reference strain (MHOM/BR/74/PP75). Phenetic analysis showed a similarity index of one for all strains, with the isolates sharing 100% of the characteristics analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that the L. chagasi populations circulating in dogs from Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte belong to a single zymodeme.

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Section: Ethical Considerationssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi strains isolated from dogs originating from two visceral leishmaniasis-endemic areas in Brazil using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis

Coutinho

Santos

Baptista

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…3,8,19,82,101 However, this hypothesis is inconsistent with findings that support the autochthonous origin of this species, which suggest that it was maintained in neotropical canids since the separation of the American and African continents. 6,7,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108] Given this doubt, we will refer to this species as L. (L.) infantum.…”

Section: Ecology Of Leishmania Species In the Gecmentioning

confidence: 63%

Ecology of the Leishmania Species in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex

Rotureau

2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In the Guianan ecoregion complex, at least seven Leishmania species belonging to both the L. (Leishmania) Saf' janova, 1982 and L. (Viannia) Lainson and Shaw, 1987 sub-genera are causative agents of American visceral leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and cutaneous leishmaniases, including localized and diffuse forms. They are mostly sylvatic species subjugated to their own specific Lutzomyia sand fly vectors and to particular wild mammalian reservoir hosts of the dense rain forest. Originally implicated strictly in wild zoonoses and developing in forested ecotopes, Leishmania show a particular adaptive plasticity to face environmental modifications following deforestation and anthropization. This review presents the different pathogenic complexes of these parasites, emphasizes their implication in human diseases, and considers the influence of humans on their ecology.

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“…The subgenus Viannia is restricted to the Neotropical region, while the subgenus Leishmania occurs in both the New World (Neotropical and southern Nearctic) and the Old World (Palaearctic, African and Oriental). Killick-Kendrick (1985) suggested that L. (L.) chagasi, a member of the L. (L.) donovani complex (WHO 1990), may have been imported from the Old World into the New World by humans during historic times, a view that has received support from studies by Beverley et al (1987), Momen et al (1987), Rioux et al (1990), Schonian et al (1996) and Travi et al (1998). The distribution of the remaining species in the subgenus Leishmania is not as easy to explain, and its understanding is important to the understanding of the geographic origin of the entire genus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%