Malaria control at the cross-roads!. Where do we go from here?

Bruce-Chwatt, L. J.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761986000600001

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The exact reasons for this high value are unknown; however, some considerations and hypotheses can be raised to explain that number. For example, certain therapeutic schemes might result in the prescription of inadequate doses and/or combinations according to patient weight [44,45]. According to Townell et al [45], the effectiveness of the treatment against P. vivax can be impaired by an incorrect prescription of primaquine consisting of low doses and shorter treatment durations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of incidence and relapse or recrudescence cases of malaria in the western region of the Brazilian Amazon

Vieira

Gim

Zaqueo

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Malaria is one of the major parasitic diseases in the State of Rondônia, located in the western Brazilian Amazon. The basic treatment scheme for this disease is chloroquine and primaquine. This study evaluated the epidemiological profile of malaria in Rondônia between 2008 and 2012. Methodology: The epidemiological data were provided by the Health Surveillance Agency from the State of Rondônia, and socioeconomic indicators were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, and from the National Institute for Space Research. The analyzed variables included year of diagnosis, gender, age group, main activity performed in the 15 days previous to the diagnosis, parasite species, level of parasitemia, number of relapse/recrudescence cases, and socioeconomic and environmental data for Rondônia. Results: A total of 238,626 cases of malaria were recorded in Rondônia during the study period. Of this total, 65.6% were men and the most prevalent age group was 20-39 years. Plasmodium vivax was the most common parasite (89.8%), followed by Plasmodium falciparum (9.4%). An average of 30.9% of the individuals who were tested presented with relapse/recrudescence malaria. The API value was highest in 2008 and lowest in 2012, corresponding to 42.3 cases and 19.2 cases per 1,000 inhabitants, respectively. Conclusions: A 58% reduction in the number of malaria cases and a 36.2% reduction in the number of relapse/recrudescence malaria cases were observed, due to increases in the economy, improvements in the health system, and reduction of deforestation in this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of incidence and relapse or recrudescence cases of malaria in the western region of the Brazilian Amazon

Vieira

Gim

Zaqueo

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…By 1983, resistance to one or several insecticides has appeared in 57 species of anopheles in more than 60 countries all over the world. 28,43 Furthermore, in the Amazon the transmission is largely due to outdoor biting, so indoor protection (bed nets and indoor spraying) is of limited value. Another point is that the typical house in colonization projects is of poor quality, which compromises any positive effects that DDT could bring.…”

Section: Antiadult (Chemo-sterilants and Genetic Control)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Colonization and Malaria on the Amazon Frontier

Singer

Castro

2001

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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A BSTRACT : The purpose of this paper is to characterize the interrelationships between macropolitical, social and economic policies, human migration, agricultural development, and malaria transmission on the Amazon frontier. We focus our analysis on a recent colonization project, POLONOROESTE, in the state of Rondônia. Employing data from field surveys in 1985-1987 and 1995, we use spatial statistical methodologies linked to a geographical information system (GIS) to describe the patterns of human settlement in the area, the ecological transformations induced by forest clearance practices, and the manner in which these factors determine gradations of malaria risk. Our findings show that land use patterns, linked to social organization of the community and the structure of the physical environment, played a key role in promoting malaria transmission. In addition, the location of each occupied area is itself an important determinant of the pattern of malaria risk. Based on lessons learned from our spatial and temporal characterization of malaria risk, we propose policies for malaria mitigation in the Brazilian Amazon.

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“…Initially, the so-called "resurgence" of malaria was attributed to technical and logistic deficiencies in implementing eradication campaigns, to reduced financial resources devoted to the effort, and to a certain weakening of the political will to eradicate the disease. Subsequently, the problem was attributed to an overly automatic application of the campaign-based strategy, one that failed to employ knowledge of local epidemiologic profiles (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Review Of the Eradication Campaign In The 1990smentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologic organization of malaria control in São Paulo, Brazil, 19301990

Barata¹

1998

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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Since the 1970s, when the world seemed on the threshold of malaria eradication, the incidence of the disease has increased in several countries. The upturn in cases raised a series of questions, and for some time malariologists and public health authorities scarcely understood what was happening. In an attempt to better comprehend the process, this article reviews the frequency of malaria cases in São Paulo, Brazil, between 1930 and 1990, examining ABSTRACTThe purpose of the research reported here was two-fold: first, to examine why the incidence of malaria increased in various regions of the world in the 1980s, precisely at a time when hopes for eradicating this disease were highest; and second, to seek an explanation by applying a theoretical model capable of articulating epidemiologic knowledge, social needs, and the practices adopted to satisfy those needs.Initially, reasons suggested to explain the increased incidence focused on problems directly related to the way eradication campaigns were conducted. Failure of the campaign-based strategy was attributed to a wide range of things, including difficulties of a technical, operational, administrative, financial, and political nature. However, more detailed analysis linking various factors (the presence of the disease, its social repercussions, current epidemiologic concepts, and the control measures adopted) within a single theoretical framework pointed up new issues requiring different explanations.The central purpose of our research has been to assess, through various historical periods, how malaria became a health problem of a social nature that evoked certain institutional control practices, and to determine how much the epidemiologic knowledge available in each period has served to guide the planning of interventions.The selection of São Paulo as the state for this study was based on practical considerations, such as ease of access to information, as well as theoretical considerations, such as the fact that the organizations engaged in malaria control activities in São Paulo are the oldest currently in operation in Brazil and that the eradication campaign has not been beset by economic, administrative, operational, or political difficulties. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe research, based on document analysis, took the following method-1 This article was published in Spanish in this jour-

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Malaria control at the cross-roads!. Where do we go from here?

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Reduction of incidence and relapse or recrudescence cases of malaria in the western region of the Brazilian Amazon

Reduction of incidence and relapse or recrudescence cases of malaria in the western region of the Brazilian Amazon

Agricultural Colonization and Malaria on the Amazon Frontier

Technologic organization of malaria control in São Paulo, Brazil, 19301990

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Malaria control at the cross-roads!. Where do we go from here?

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Reduction of incidence and relapse or recrudescence cases of malaria in the western region of the Brazilian Amazon

Reduction of incidence and relapse or recrudescence cases of malaria in the western region of the Brazilian Amazon

Agricultural Colonization and Malaria on the Amazon Frontier

Technologic organization of malaria control in São Paulo, Brazil, 1930­1990

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Product

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Technologic organization of malaria control in São Paulo, Brazil, 19301990