Infecção experimental de Lutzomyia whitmani em cães infectados com Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis

Vexenat, Julio A.; Barretto, Air C.; Rosa, Ana de Cássia

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761986000100017

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Por outro lado, Vexenat et al (1986), na Bahia, infectaram experimentalmente exemplares de Lu. whitmani, fazendo os insetos sugarem em cães parasitados pela L. (V.) braziliensis.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Tentativa de controle da leishmaniose tegumentar americana por meio do tratamento dos cães doentes

1994

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Em área endêmica de leishmaniose tegumentar no Município de Santa Leopoldina, Espírito Santo, foi realizada uma tentativa de controle da endemia por meio do tratamento dos cães doentes. Como controle foi utilizada uma área com características semelhantes no Município de Afonso Cláudio, onde os cães permaneceram sem tratamento. A avaliação inicial revelou que 34 (24%) dos 141 moradores da primeira área eram reatores ao teste intradérmico de Montenegro; entre os cães, 8 (30,7%), dos 26 existentes, apresentavam leishmaniose. Na área controle, 37 (29%), dos 127 moradores, eram positivos ao teste de Montenegro, enquanto 7 (16%), dos 44 cães, estavam doentes. Após o tratamento dos cães doentes na primeira área, as duas populações foram acompanhadas durante dois anos. A eficácia da medida de controle foi avaliada por meio da incidência de novas infecções humanas. Apesar de o número de novos infectados ter sido superior na área-controle, a análise estatística revelou que a diferença não foi significativa. Fatores diversos, tais como o tamanho das amostras estudadas, o método de diagnóstico da leishmaniose canina e a dificuldade de controle dos novos cães introduzidos na área, teriam influenciado negativamente nos resultados do experimento.

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“…Por outro lado, Vexenat et al (1986), na Bahia, infectaram experimentalmente exemplares de Lu. whitmani, fazendo os insetos sugarem em cães parasitados pela L. (V.) braziliensis.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Tentativa de controle da leishmaniose tegumentar americana por meio do tratamento dos cães doentes

1994

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“…Although it is axiomatic that ACL-infected dogs can only be reservoir hosts if they are infectious to sand flies, none of the studies listed in Tables 1 and 2 measured this parameter. Only one small xenodiagnosis study has been reported: 160 Lu. whitmani became infected when made to feed on the lesions of 3 of 9 L. braziliensis-infected dogs, with a mean infection rate on the three infective dogs of 2.7% (5 of 186, range ϭ 1.8-8.3%).…”

Section: Can Dogs Be Incriminated As Reservoir Hosts Of Human Acl?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) a reservoir host of American cutaneous leishmaniasis? A critical review of the current evidence.

Reithinger

Davies²

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

133

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Abstract. Originally associated with forested areas, the transmission cycle of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has now adapted to the domestic environment in at least 9 Latin American countries. Several studies have suggested that the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), which is already incriminated as the primary reservoir host of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL), may have a reservoir role in the domestic transmission of human ACL caused by Leishmania braziliensis, L. panamensis, and L. peruviana. This article reviews more than 90 studies reporting ACL infections in dogs, and concludes that as yet there is only circumstantial evidence to support that claim. Almost no data are available on the infectiousness of dogs to sandfly vectors of ACL, and there are few indications that either dog ownership or dog abundance are risk factors for ACL. Nevertheless, it has been proposed that incidence of ACL in humans could be reduced by targeting infected dogs. While this control strategy has been used for many decades against ZVL in Latin America, Europe, and Asia, there is little evidence to demonstrate its effectiveness either in theory or in practice. Particular concerns over the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tools, low compliance rates among dog owners, and cost-effectiveness are likely to apply equally to ACL control.The leishmaniases are a group of zoonotic diseases transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Despite their multiple etiologies, the New World leishmaniases can be divided into two broad categories: zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL).1 The latter includes localized cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Whereas ZVL is almost exclusively caused by Leishmania chagasi (L. infantum), ACL is caused by several Leishmania species, of which L. braziliensis is the most widespread. Many sandfly species have been incriminated as vectors of ACL throughout its geographic range, but reservoir hosts have only been identified for L. amazonensis, L. mexicana, L. guyanensis, and L. panamensis, and are unknown or unproven for both L. braziliensis and L. peruviana. 1 Originally associated with forested areas, 2 the transmission cycle of ACL has now adapted to the domestic environment due to deforestation and urbanization. 3,4 The transition from sylvatic to domestic transmission cycle was further encouraged by the lack of a specific leishmaniasis control strategy, and the discontinuation of intervention campaigns designed for other infectious diseases, e.g., malaria. 5,6

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“…However, the present observations point again to the importance of dogs in this respect. Sand fly-mediated propagation of CTL is highly dependent on whether the insects feed on lesions as opposed to normal skin (Vexenat et al 1986). The long periods during which dogs maintain open, exposed lesions, might counterbalance the scarcity of parasites to secure an efficient vectorial transmission.…”

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confidence: 99%

Force of infection and evolution of lesions of canine tegumentary leishmaniasis in Northwestern Argentina

Marco

Padilla

Diosque

et al. 2001

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Infecção experimental de Lutzomyia whitmani em cães infectados com Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Tentativa de controle da leishmaniose tegumentar americana por meio do tratamento dos cães doentes

Tentativa de controle da leishmaniose tegumentar americana por meio do tratamento dos cães doentes

Is the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) a reservoir host of American cutaneous leishmaniasis? A critical review of the current evidence.

Force of infection and evolution of lesions of canine tegumentary leishmaniasis in Northwestern Argentina

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