Aspectos da ecologia dos flebótomos do Parque Nacional da Serra dos Orgãos, Rio de Janeiro: IV. Frequência mensal em armadilhas luminosas (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)

Abstract

Durante dois anos completos - outubro de 1981 a setembro de 1983 - capturamos flebótomos em armadilhas luminosas no Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos. As armadilhas eram colocadas, semanalmente, em pontos estratégicos na floresta, sempre no mesmo local e hora, ficando expostas por 12 horas. Foram gastas 732 horas e obtidos 2.730 flebótomos pertencentes a 17 espécies, quatro do gênero Brumptomyia França & Parrot, 1921 e 13 do gênero Lutzomyia França, 1924. a proporção de machos em relação ao número total foi de 76,3%. As espécies L. barrettoi, L. ayrozai e L. hirsuta corresponderam a 95% do total, sendo que a primeria somou quase o dobro de exemplares das outras duas juntas. L. ayrozai foi a mais numerosa na época quente e úmida e L. hirsuta na masi fria e seca, do mesmo modo que L. barrettoi, sendo que esta só ocorreu nesta época do ano. O número de espécies e espécimens foi bem maior na área B, onde as armadilhas foram colocadas perto do solo, próximas a tocas de animais silvestres, do que na área A, onde foram instaladas afastadas do solo, em local de vegetação mais fechada e perto de árvores com raízes tabulares. Após o repouso pós-alimentar, na procura de locais adequados para a postura, acreditamos que as fêmeas tenham maior atração pela fonte luminosa, pois verificamos um número considerável de fêmeas grávidas. Também em armadilhas luminosas constatamos que a lua nova foi mais favorável à coleta de flebótomos e a lua cheia a de menor rendimento.<br>During two full years - from October 1981 to September 1983 - we captured sandflies using light traps in the National Park of Serra dos Órgãos, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The traps were strategically located in the forest once every week, in the same place, from 6 p.m to 6 a.m. on the next day. In 732 hours, 2,730 sandflies of 17 species were collected, four of the species belonged to the genus Brumptomyia França & Parrot, 1921 and 13 to the genus Lutzomyia França, 1924. Males accounted for 76.3% of all specimens. L. barrettoi, L. ayrozai and L. hirsuta corresponded to 95% of the total and the first was almost twice as numerous as the other two taken jointly. L. ayrozai was more abundant in the warm wet season, L. hirsuta in the cold dry sease, which was the only part of the year when L. barrettoi could be found. The number of species and specimens was greater in an area (B) where the traps were placed near the ground, close to wild animal burrows, than in another area (A) in which the traps were located far from the ground with thick vegetation and trees with tubular roots. We believe that after feeding the females are attracted to the source of light, because a considerable number of pregnent specimens were found in the traps. As we had previously observed in captures using human baits, the sandflies were more numerous in the light traps during the new moon that at full moon

New human case reports of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi in the Amazon region, Brazil

“…ayrozai is not considered highly anthropophilic in the state of Pará (Lainson et al 1994;Lainson and Shaw 1998), most infections by L. (V.) naiffi are transmitted by this vector. In the regions of the southeast of Brazil, this sand fly specie is considered highly anthropophilic (Aguiar and Soucasaux 1984), as in Serra dos Órgãos, Rio de Janeiro (Aguiar et al 1985) and in Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo state (Gomes and Galati 1989).…”

Ecology of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the North of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

“…The light trap CDC type has been systematically used in studies on sand flies in forest areas and/or in areas where there is leishmaniasis transmission , Aguiar et al 1985a, Gomes & Galati 1987, Dourado et al 1989, Azevedo & Rangel 1991, Azevedo et al 1993, Galati et al 1996, Brazil et al 2000, Barros et al 2000. In spite of the fact that this kind of collection does not allow access to the great number of species, which may constitute the local fauna (Shaw & Lainson 1972) Martins et al 1978, Young & Duncan 1994.…”

The sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) of a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ilhéus, state of Bahia, Brazil

“…Sand flies were captured in houses, on the inside and outside walls, using manual aspirators; at peridomestic sites (up to 10m from houses) using manual aspirators on equines, and by CDC light traps (Sudia & Chamberlain 1962, Gomes et al 1985, Natal et al 1991 in domestic animal shelters. In cocoa plantations, a Shannon trap (Sherlock & Pessoa 1964) was used for collections up to 50m and 100m from houses, and a Falcão light trap (Falcão 1981, Aguiar et al 1985 was used only to capture 100m from houses. The degree of anthropophily was determined by considering the number of females collected bitting man, in peridomestic sites and in cocoa plantations.…”