Sobre insectos que vivem em maracujás (Passiflora spp)

New records of pentatomids as hosts of Hexacladia smithii ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in southern Brazil

“…In general, several specimens of the parasitoid emerged from a single host that died soon after their emergence. From A. albopunctatus, we recorded 17 parasitoids from each of two adults (no data are available for the remaining parasitized bugs), which is in the range of what is observed for several other bugs (from 2 to 39 parasitoids/host) (Costa Lima 1930, Corrêa-Ferreira et al 1998.…”

“…A single Edessa meditabunda (F.) adult from the Londrina area, collected from a soybean fi eld in February 2010, was also found parasitized by this encyrtid, which was previously recorded (Cuezzo & Fidalgo 1997). Hexacladia smithii is not restricted to pentatomids since it has also been recorded to attack coreids and scutellerids (Costa Lima 1930, 1940, Baldin et al 2010, indicating its polyphagy. In conclusion, H. smithii parasitism on A. albopunctatus and on D. furcatus sets up new records for the association of this parasitoid with pentatomid hosts.…”

First record of Hexacladia hilaris Burks (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Brazil and association with Chinavia erythrocnemis (Berg) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

“…Besides pentatomids, these encyrtids also parasitize adults of Holhymenia clavigera (Herbst), Holhymenia histrio (F.) and Anisoscelis foliaceus (F.) (Coreidae) (CoSta lima 1930; Baldin et al 2010), and Pachycoris torridus (Scop.) (Scutelleridae) (CoSta lima 1930). Another but less common species is Hexacladia blanchardi De Santis, recorded parasitizing E. meditabunda (Pentatomidae) (medeiroS et al 1998).…”

Biology ofTelenomus pachycoris(Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a Parasitoid of Eggs ofPachycoris torridus(Hemiptera: Scutelleridae): The Effects of Egg Age, Exposure Time, and Temperature

“…Natural biological control is the most viable option because of the large number of natural enemies of eggs, nymphs, and adults of P. torridus (Costa Lima 1940;Gabriel et al 1988), including micro-hymenopterans such as Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Trichopodopsis pennipes (F.) (Diptera: Gymnosomatidae), Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), and Telenomus pachycoris (Johnson) (syn. : Pseudotelenomus pachycoris [Costa Lima]) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), which are the main parasitoids of P. torridus (Costa Lima 1930, 1940. Telenomus pachycoris has a wide distribution, occurring in all regions of Brazil (Costa Lima 1940;Gabriel et al 1988;Oliveira & Silva 2011).…”