Seasonal variability on the structure of sublittoral macrozoobenthic association in the Patos Lagoon estuary, southern Brazil

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study is to analyze and relate the spatial-temporal variability of macrozoobenthic assemblages to bottom characteristics and salinity fluctuations, in an estuarine shallow water region of Patos Lagoon. Monthly samples, between September 2002 and August 2003, were taken on six sampling stations (distant 90 m). Three biological samples with a 10 cm diameter corer, one sample for sediment analysis, fortnightly bottom topography measurements, and daily data of temperature and salinity were taken from each station. Two biotic and environmental conditions were identified: the first corresponding to spring and summer months, with low macrozoobenthos densities, low values of salinity, small variations in bottom topographic level and weak hydrodynamic activity. A second situation occurred in the months of fall and winter, which showed increased salinity, hydrodynamics and macrobenthos organisms. These results which contrast with previous studies carried out in the area, were attributed to failure in macrozoobenthos recruitments during summer period, especially of the bivalve Erodona mactroides Bosc, 1802 and the tanaid Kalliapseuses schubartii Mañe-Garzón, 1949. This results showed that recruitments of dominant species were influenced by salinity and hydrodynamic conditions. KEYWORDS.Seasonal variability, benthos, estuary, abiotic variables, sublittoral habitats.RESUMO. Variabilidade sazonal na estrutura da associação de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em uma enseada estuarina da Lagoa dos Patos, sul do Brasil. Objetiva-se analisar e relacionar a variabilidade espaço-temporal de uma associação macrozoobentônica com as características do substrato e variações da salinidade, numa enseada da região estuarina da Lagoa dos Patos. Amostragens mensais entre setembro de 2002 e agosto de 2003 foram realizadas em seis pontos de coleta distantes 90 m entre si. Em cada ponto foram tomadas três amostras biológicas com tubo extrator de 10 cm de diâmetro, uma amostra para análise do sedimento, medidas quinzenais da topografia do fundo e dados diários de temperatura e salinidade. Foram identificadas duas situações ambientais e bióticas bem definidas: uma correspondente aos meses de primavera e verão com baixas densidades do macrozoobentos, baixos valores de salinidade e pouca variação no nível do substrato, refletindo neste caso uma menor atividade hidrodinâmica. A outra situação ocorreu nos meses de outono e inverno, que mostrou uma situação oposta em relação às variáveis bióticas e abióticas. Esses resultados, que contrariam trabalhos anteriores efetuados na região, foram atribuídos a falhas nos recrutamentos do macrozoobentos durante o período de verão, especialmente do bivalve Erodona mactroides Bosc, 1802 e do tanaidáceo Kalliapseudes schubartii Mañe-Garzón, 1949. Verificou-se que os recrutamentos das espécies dominantes foram influenciados pelas condições de salinidade e pela hidrodinâmica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE.Variabilidade sazonal, bentos, estuário, variáveis abióticas, hábitats sublitorais.

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