Alimentação de quatro espécies de Leporinus (Characiformes, Anostomidae) durante a formação de um reservatório no sudeste do Brasil

Abstract

DIET OF FOUR SPECIES OF LEPORINUS (CHARACIFORMES, ANOSTOMIDAE) DURING FORMATION OF A RESERVOIR IN SOUTHEAST BRAZIL.The study reports the changes ocurred in feeding ecology of fish species during a tropical river reservoir formation. It was analysed the stomachal contents of 399 individuals belonging to four species of genus Leporinus (L. elongatus Valenciennes, 1849, n=157; L. friderici (Bloch, 1794), n=87; L. octofasciatus Steindachner, 1917, n=107; L. amblyrhynchus Garavello & Britski, 1987, n=48) during formation of Nova Ponte reservoir, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 1993 and 1994. Specimens were separated by sampling period, according with the rate of filling of the reservoir, and standard lenght classes. The species had included in diet vegetal and animal items of autochtone and alochtone origin in several proportions. L. amblyrhynchus fed on basically dipterans in all the sampling periods and length classes. L. elongatus had presented a diverse diet, with predominance of dipterans and vegetal items, and changed the consumed items proportions along the sampling periods and between lenght classes. L. friderici diet was composed mainly by terrestrial insects during the rapid filling period, that were later substituted by fishes and vegetal items. Ontogenetic trophic changes were observed in this species. L. octofasciatus presented a well characterized herbivorous diet, without trophic ontogeny, but with a opportunistic character. Just three pair-species, L. amblyrhynchus-L. elongatus, L. friderici-L. octofasciatus and L. elongatus-L. octofasciatus, have presented some high value of trophic overlap in at least one sampling period. In spite of the fishes of the genus Leporinus being classified like omnivorous in a general way, the differences found between diets of these four species suggest that there is structuration of trophic niches in the reservoir.

Ecologia alimentar da corvina, Pachyurus bonariensis (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) em duas baías do Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brasil

“…Ambos os grupos de insetos são muito comuns em águas continentais, onde passam uma grande parte de seu desenvolvimento (TAKEDA & FUJITA, 2004). Para os peixes, eles representam uma importante fonte de energia e são muito freqüentes nos conteúdos estomacais de espécies que exploram o substrato como Iheringichthys labrosus (Lütken, 1874), Trachydoras paraguayensis (Eigenmann & Ward, 1907) e Leporinus amblyrhynchus Garavello & Britski, 1987(FUGI et al, 1996DURÃES et al, 2001;MENDONÇA et al, 2004). Diversos autores comentam sobre a importância das larvas de insetos na alimentação dos peixes, considerando que são elementos constantes na dieta de diversas espécies de água doce (SABINO & CASTRO, 1990;LUIZ et al, 1998;RUSSO et al, 2002).…”

Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages structure in two headwater streams, south-eastern Brazil

“…For Leporinus Agassiz, 1829, vegetal matter and invertebrates (ANDRIAN et al 1994, MESCHIATTI 1995, HAHN et al 1998, BENNEMANN et al 2005 as well as insects (DURÃES et al 2001, LUZ et al 2001 are frequently registered as food in the literature. CAL- LISTO et al (2002b) found 86% of Chironomidae larvae in the stomach contents of Leporinus amblyrhynchus Garavello & Britski, 1987 Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy &Gaimard, 1824) fed mainly on sediments, although aquatic invertebrates and terrestrial plants were also found in the stomach contents.…”

Hábitos alimenticios de Leporinus friderici (Anostomidae, Teleostei) durante un ciclo hidrobiológico en el río Vaupés, Colombia

“…De igual forma, Casas, Lozano-Largacha y Rivas (2007) reportaron al Leporinus muyscorum como especie omnívora con tendencias a herbívora, prefiriendo dentro de sus dietas grupos tróficos como material vegetal (hojas, frutos, granos y semillas), insectos, restos de peces y detritos. En otras especies como el Leporinus elongatus, especie omnívo-ra, sus hábitos alimenticios están determinados por la disponibilidad de alimentos en el medio ambiente, encontrándose dentro de su dieta en aguas ascendentes hojas, frutas y semillas e insectos como termitas, así como microcrustá-ceos (Durães, Pompeu, & Godinho, 2001).…”