Leptina e aldosterona na atividade simpática na hipertensão resistente, com ou sem Diabetes Tipo 2

Abstract

Background: The finding of adipocyte-derived hormone leptin as an overstimulator of sympathetic activity brought a new perspective to the pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity-hypertension.

Heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta–analysis

“…Both the T2DM patients and the controls had cardiovascular diseases in five studies [ 42 , 48 , 51 , 56 , 60 ] and renal disease in three studies [ 43 , 46 , 52 ]. Five studies assessed the influence of high blood pressure on HRV in T2DM compared with healthy controls [ 49 , 50 , 54 , 55 , 58 ]. Other studies compared HRV between T2DM patients and controls based on blood catecholamine levels [ 44 ], circadian autonomic rhythm in insulinoresistant subjects [ 45 ], in cases of bowel preparation [ 63 ], metabolic syndrome [ 47 ], circadian rhythm in relation to blood adiponectin [ 62 ], or dimethylarginine levels [ 61 ], hypoglycaemic episodes [ 59 ], in acromegalic patients [ 53 ], and inhalation of ultrafine particles [ 57 ].…”

“…In each individual study, exclusion criteria were the same as for T2DM, i.e. pregnancy [ 43 , 62 ], neurological disease [ 43 ], BMI over 25 kg/m 2 [ 42 , 44 , 45 ] or 35 kg/m 2 [ 58 , 62 ], chronic heart [ 42 , 44 , 45 , 50 – 52 , 57 , 58 , 60 – 63 ], liver [ 56 , 60 , 63 ], or renal [ 42 , 42 , 45 , 56 , 58 , 60 – 63 ] failure, thyroid disorder [ 50 , 52 ], or treatment that can influence HRV parameters [ 44 – 46 , 52 , 54 , 57 – 60 ]. Controls had high blood pressure in five studies [ 49 , 56 , 58 , 60 , 62 ], and were on dialysis in three studies [ 43 , 46 , 52 ].…”

“…Healthy controls were paired with T2DM patients based on age [ 41 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 58 , 59 , 62 ], gender [ 42 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 51 , 59 , 60 , 63 ], body weight [ 50 , 59 ], BMI [ 44 ], and blood pressure [ 60 ].…”

“…The mean HbA1c in T2DM patients was 7.6±0.8%, ranging from 6.5 [ 59 ] to 9.3% [ 58 , 62 ], and 5.2±0.5% in the controls, ranging from 4.1 [ 42 ] to 5.8% [ 58 , 62 ]. Eight studies did not report HbA1c in the T2DM patients [ 43 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 53 , 61 , 64 ] and nine studies did not specify for the controls [ 43 , 45 – 48 , 50 , 53 , 61 , 64 ].…”

Mediadores inflamatórios e metabólicos em pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática e chagásica: correlação com disfunção autonômica

“…A leptina apresentou correlação positiva no grupo chagásico com a insulina (r = 0,579; p = 0,024) e com o sistema nervoso autonomo simpático BF/AF (r = 0,509; p = 0,053). Alguns estudos, sobretudo em animais, demonstraram que a leptina é fortemente influenciada pelo SNA, outros, em humanos não conseguiram observar tal influencia 54,90 . Houve correlação negativa no grupo chagásico com o sistema nervoso autonomo parassinpático RMSSD (r= -0,525;p=0,044) e pNN50 (r = -0,588; p = 0,021) e com massa magra (r = -0,735; p = 0,002).…”