Exercício físico e microRNAs: novas fronteiras na insuficiência cardíaca

Abstract

Although the impact of exercise on survival of patients with heart failure has been recently questioned, exercise training improves quality of life, functional capacity, inflammation, endothelial and autonomic function. In recent years, interest has increased regarding a group of small non-protein coding RNAs called microRNAs.Studies have shown that the expression of these molecules changes in several pathological conditions, such as myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia and heart failure, and when clinical improvement occurs, they seem to normalize. With the potential for practical applicability, markers that may be useful in diagnostic and prognostic assessment of heart failure have been identified, such as miR-423-5p. In addition, results of experimental studies have indicated that there are potential therapeutic effects of microRNAs.MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of gene expression during fetal development and in adult individuals, increasing or decreasing in the heart in response to physiological stress, injury or hemodynamic overload. Thus, the study of the behavior of these molecules in physical exercise has brought important information about the effects of this therapeutic modality and represents a new era in the understanding of heart failure.This review aims to integrate the evidence on microRNAs in heart failure with greater relevance in the study of physical exercise.

Endothelium and Its Alterations in Cardiovascular Diseases: Life Style Intervention

“…The multiple benefits of physical activity on survival and the harmful effects of a sedentary lifestyle made it a therapeutic modality potentially useful to treat patients with cardiovascular diseases. Its benefits regarding functional capacity can be explained by effects on endothelial properties and peripheral vascular resistance [252]. Exercise training reduces inflammation and an improvement in EC health could be a primary reason for the improvement in chronic inflammation [247].…”

Quercetin intake with exercise modulates lipoprotein metabolism and reduces atherosclerosis plaque formation

“…Several mechanisms have been described and attributed to the anti-atherogenic effects of exercise and quercetin. It is commonly accepted that moderate exercise is an important component of a healthy lifestyle that helps to prevent or delay the onset of coronary artery disease [15-18]. These beneficial effects are lost when subjects become sedentary.…”

“…Earlier studies have shown that quercetin significantly inhibit in vitro LDL oxidation, and also protects macrophages from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis [37,38]. Quercetin has also been reported to inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis via up-regulating the expression of PON1 [18]; indicating a possible cholesterol reverse transportation mechanism.…”

“…This paradigm is supported by a large number of experimental animal studies and by epidemiological investigations. Over the past 5 decades, numerous scientific reports have examined the relationships between physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health [15-18]. Studies from our previous work have indicated that exercise induced the reverse cholesterol transport in mice that were exercised on a treadmill [19].…”

Genomic and Epigenomic Insights into Nutrition and Brain Disorders

“…Physical activity, for example, plays a key role in regulating miRNAs and DNA methylation [72,73,74]: following acute exhaustive exercise, there are unique and dynamic alterations in circulating-miRNAs, suggesting that they may serve important endocrine functions. Moreover, future studies on the role of nutrition in regulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be especially beneficial to understanding of mechanisms underlying brain disorders.…”