Características cardíacas e metabólicas de corredores de longa distância do ambulatório de cardiologia do esporte e exercício, de um hospital terciário

Abstract

Objective: To characterize electrocardiographic and functional cardiac parameters and cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in longdistance Brazilian runners monitored at the Sport and Exercise Cardiology Outpatient Facility of a tertiary care hospital. Methods:Of an initial population of 443 male and female athletes of different sport modalities, we assessed 162 (37%) long-distance male runners, aged from 14 to 67. Electrocardiographic (12 leads) and echocardiographic (M-mode and two-dimensional) parameters were recorded at rest. Cardiopulmonary responses were evaluated on a treadmill with a ramp protocol.Results: Metabolic alterations and cardiovascular diseases were diagnosed in 17% and 9% of the runners, respectively. Sinus bradycardia and left ventricular hypertrophy were observed in 62% and 33% of the runners, respectively. Structural alterations such as ventricular cavity > 55mm, relative wall thickness > 0.44, and ventricular mass index > 134g/m2 were found in 15%, 11% and 7% of the runners, respectively. Ejection fraction < 55% was observed in 4% of the runners. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) decreased as of the age of 41, although the anaerobic threshold relative to the VO2peak remained unchanged with age. Conclusion:Resting bradycardia and left ventricular hypertrophy are the most frequent cardiovascular adaptations in Brazilian long distance runners monitored by the Sport and Exercise Cardiology Outpatient Facility. Although VO2peak decreases after the age of 41, the relative oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold of these runners remained unchanged.

Avaliação nutricional de pessoas com deficiência praticantes de natação

“…Entretanto, esse valor recomendado para nadadores pode não ser um bom parâmetro para a comparação dos resultados da amostra estudada, pois não diferencia os valores de atletas e praticantes de exercício. Atletas possuem maior volume e intensidade de treinamento e isso resulta em modificações mais acentuadas em sua composição corporal (23) . Em geral, os valores de circunferência da cintura se encontraram acima dos pontos de corte da OMS no sexo feminino (12) .…”

Avaliação da capacidade máxima de exercício: uma revisão sobre os protocolos tradicionais e a evolução para modelos individualizados

“…Even though, the questionnaire remained being widely used, validated only seven years after it had come out (48) . Analyzing further investigation which made use of ramp protocols, it is observed that in the majority, the adopted criterion to design them was the previous application of a maximal exercise test (Table 2) (9,11,14,43,46,(49)(50)(51) . The choice of a protocol greatly occurs due to its applicability.…”

Recent Trends in Brazilian Medical Research. An Overview

“…Issa et al21 found that bisoprolol was found to be safe and well tolerated in patients with heart failure, improved symptoms, hemodynamic variables, as well as the cardiac function for all etiologies of heart failure, but did not result in improved exercise capacity. Azevedo et al22 described cardiac and metabolic characteristics of long distance runners.…”