Desigualdades na mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas no estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Analisar as taxas e algumas características da mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas no Amazonas. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, em que os dados de óbito foram obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e os populacionais no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Foram utilizados todos os registros de suicídio do período de 2006-2010 e a interpolação geométrica anual para a estimação das subpopulações. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 688 suicídios no Amazonas, dos quais 19,0% em indígenas. A taxa ajustada de mortalidade por suicídio (TAMS) nos indígenas, de 18,4/100 mil, foi 4,4 vezes superior a dos não indígenas. A TAMS em indígenas aumentou 1,6 vez em 2010 em relação a 2006. Nos municípios de Tabatinga e São Gabriel da Cachoeira, as TAMS foram muito altas, 75,8 e 41,9/100 mil, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se o comportamento desigual das taxas de mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas, expondo não só sua importância local, como também sua invisibilidade como problema de saúde pública, principalmente entre jovens 15 e 24 anos.

Spatial-temporal trends and risk of suicide in Central Brazil: an ecological study contrasting indigenous and non-indigenous populations

“…Costa Pereira 33 suggests the possible role of young people as spokespeople of a collective malaise, where suicide would be one form to denounce the historical and contemporary difficulties experienced by their people. Halin & Brym, 12 comparably to what has been proposed by Souza & Orellana,17 highlight the possible correlation between the abandonment of traditional rites of passage and youth suicide. Pimentel 29 presents the Rev Bras Psiquiatr.…”

“…11 The relative risk of suicide for men compared to women was almost twofold in the non-indigenous population in comparison to the indigenous population. In Mato Grosso do Sul, as was observed in other contexts involving native populations, 17,31 there is a greater importance of suicide among indigenous women.…”

“…17,25 However, the case of Mato Grosso do Sul seems peculiar, as it presents both the highest rate of indigenous suicide and the highest relative risk of suicide for indigenous versus non-indigenous people in the country, and, on the other hand, the second highest rate of suicide in the country among the nonindigenous population, approximately 37% higher than the average rate of Brazil, which is 5.9/100,000.…”

“…It is a fact documented in the literature that not all indigenous groups show high rates of mortality by suicide. 4 In Mato Grosso do Sul, there is evidence that suicide is an important problem among the Guarani, particularly among the GuaraniKaiowá , 17,27 but not among the Terena. Indigenist policies and the history of contact have been pointed out as important factors for understanding the differences in the mortality rates among different indigenous peoples.…”

“…While injuries appeared as the leading cause of death among non-indigenous youth, suicide emerged as the main cause of death for indigenous youth, 11 ratifying its relative importance in the mortality profile of the state, as observed in other regions of the country. 17,27 Hypotheses have been presented to explain the marked occurrence of suicide among young indigenous people in Mato Grosso do Sul, particularly among the Guarani-Kaiowá and the Guarani-Ñ andeva. Costa Pereira 33 suggests the possible role of young people as spokespeople of a collective malaise, where suicide would be one form to denounce the historical and contemporary difficulties experienced by their people.…”