Tempo de passagem de duas dietas no trato gastrointestinal do peixe-boi da Amazônia Trichechus inunguis (Natterer, 1883) em cativeiro

Abstract

RESUMOCom o objetivo de testar o tempo de passagem do alimento no trato digestório de peixes-bois da Amazônia em cativeiro, foram testadas separadamente duas dietas distintas. Uma composta exclusivamente de capim do gênero Brachiaria (dieta experimental -DE 1) e outra de capim do gênero Brachiaria acrescentado de pequenas porções de ração extrusada para eqüinos (dieta experimental -DE 2). Foram selecionados do plantel do INPA dois animais adultos machos sadios, os quais foram isolados dos demais e submetidos a um período de aclimatação às dietas experimentais por 15 dias. Após este período, as dietas foram marcadas com uma fita plástica de 10 cm e fornecidas aos animais que foram monitorados em intervalos de uma hora. Todo material fecal foi coletado até a recuperação dos marcadores plásticos. A média do tempo de passagem da DE 1 foi de 123h57min, cerca de 5,15 dias e da DE 2 foi de 125h04min ou 5,21 dias. Não houve diferença estatística (P<0,05) entre as dietas fornecidas. O tempo de passagem observado (aproximadamente 5 dias) coincide com o relatado por outros autores para a espécie, sendo esse tempo considerado uma estratégia para aumentar o tempo de absorção nutricional dos alimentos. Apesar do número reduzido de amostras, os resultados sugerem que o uso da ração na alimentação não interfere no tempo de passagem do capim pelo trato digestório do peixe-boi. Com isso, sugere-se que a introdução de alimento concentrado (ração) não afeta a eficiência na digestão e absorção correta do alimento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: nutrição, monogástrico, mamífero aquático Transit time of two diets in the gastrointestinal tract of the Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis (Natterer, 1883) in captivity ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine the transit time of two diets in the digestive tract of the Amazonian manatee in captivity. We tested separately two different diets: one composed exclusively of grass of the genus Brachiaria (experimental diet -ED-A 1) and the other composed of grass Brachiaria added with small portions of extruded pellets for horses (experimental diet ED-A 2). Two healthy adult manatees were selected and isolated from the rest and underwent a period of food acclimation with the experimental diets for 15 days. After this period, the experimental diet was marked with a plastic colored tape of 10-cm length and given to the animals. The manatees were monitored at intervals of 1 hour and all fecal material was collected until recovery of the markers. The mean transit time of ED -A1 was 123h57min , about 5.16 days and ED -A 2 was 125h04min or 5.21 days. There was no statistical difference (P <0.05) between the transit time of the two diets provided. The transit time observed (approximately 5 days) has also been reported by other authors for this species and is considered a strategy to increase the absorption time of food nutrients. Despite the small sample size, the results suggest that the use of pellets in the diet of the Amazonian manatee did not affect the transit time of the grass. Therefore, it is re...

Advances in the knowledge of the biology and conservation of the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis)

“…The large intestine is almost as long as the small intestine, with two diverticula on the cecum. The long gastrointestinal tract, its particular morphology and the low metabolic rate (Gallivan & Best, 1980) allow a long gut transit time of approximately five days (Barbosa et al, 2013) improving the nutritional use of the food. The mechanism of sound production was investigated by Landrau-Giovanneti et al (2014) who suggested the vocalization production is due to the existence of rudimentary vocal folds in addition to the vibration of the laryngeal cartilages and the nasal region previously suggested.…”

“…Both sexes have mammary glands with one teat located on the axillary region, under each flipper, being more developed on adult females (Rodrigues et al, 2014). The milk has high fat content (8.76 -19.73%), apparent absence of carbohydrates, and variation on its content throughout the lactation period (Barbosa, 2011;.…”

“…and Giardia sp. were detected in fecal samples collected from wild and captive Amazonian manatees, suggesting a contamination by domestic wastewater without treatment systems, feces of domestic and wild animals and/or indirectly through contaminated water or food in captive individuals (Borges et al, 2007;2011;.…”