Advances in the knowledge of the biology and conservation of the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis)

Amaral, Rodrigo de Souza; Marmontel, Míriam; Souza, Diogo de; Carvalho, Camila De; Valdevino, Gisele de Castro Maciel; Guterres-Pazin, Michelle; Mello, Daniela de; Lima, Danielle; Chávez-Pérez, Hilda; Silva, Vera da

doi:10.5597/lajam00296

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The cecum and proximal colon are the sites where cellulose digestion mainly occurs, leading to the classification of sirenians as post-gastric fermenters (Burn, 1986;Reynolds & Rommel, 1996;Horstmann, 2018;Reynolds et al, 2018). Manatees have a high digestibility efficiency for cellulose compared to other herbivorous mammals, such as the horse, because of the slow passage rate due to the large size of both their body and large intestine (Burn, 1986;Reynolds & Rommel, 1996), allowing thus a better nutritional use (Amaral et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological analysis of the digestive tract of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus, Linnaeus, 1758) in northeast Brazil

Pinheiro,

Oliveira,

Freire

et al. 2024

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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Morphological studies of the digestive tract are relevant to know the biology and understand the eating habits to conserve species. Our objective was to analyze macroscopically and microscopically the digestive tract of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus). Samples were collected from 20 animals found dead stranded on the coast of northeastern Brazil or that died during the rehabilitation process in captivity between July 1995 and March 2017. The macroscopic analysis of the gastrointestinal tract was carried out from the in loco monitoring of the two necropsies. For microscopic evaluation, tissue fragments were collected during necropsy, fixed with 10% buffered formaldehyde and subjected to routine histological processing, with 5 μm thick slices, and subsequently submitted to the Hematoxylin-Eosin staining method, the Verhoeff method, and the periodic acid-Schiff method. Macroscopically, neonates and adults have the same digestive tract structures, namely esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum. The microscopic analysis demonstrated that the digestive tract is formed by four histological layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia). In the esophagus, esophageal glands are absent and there are elastic fibers in the submucosal layer and between the external muscle and adventitial layers. The stomach has a structure called the cardiac gland, which microscopically presents ontogenetic differences regarding the depth of the lining epithelium and the orderly distribution of cells along the gastric gland. In the duodenal ampulla and in the diverticula, duodenal glands were identified in the submucosa. The luminal portion of the mucous layer of the cecal ampulla, colon, and rectum is lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The digestive tract of the species Antillean manatee is similar to what has been reported for the order Sirenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological analysis of the digestive tract of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus, Linnaeus, 1758) in northeast Brazil

Pinheiro,

Oliveira,

Freire

et al. 2024

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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“…From the first description of the manatees until now, research has increased to understand the biological aspects of these species, including morphology, physiology, behavior, and ecology, and to investigate the main and potential threats to the species, supporting the conservation efforts on their distribution (see Amaral et al, 2023 andCastelblanco-Martínez et al, 2023 for a review). Additionally, scientific meetings and collaborative networks have been carried out to share strategies and results among institutions for species conservation.…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Manatees across borders: Introduction to the special issue on the biology and conservation of manatees

Meirelles,

Castelblanco-Martinez,

Borges

et al. 2024

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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maintain the osmotic balance (Ortiz et al., 1998). Therefore, they tend to seek out inland freshwater resources or coastal freshwater springs (Favero et al., 2020;Keith-Diagne et al., 2022), a behavior that significantly influences their distribution and movements. The availability of resources will ultimately shape the utilization of these environments according to the energy requirements of each individual (Deutsch et al., 2022).Because of their habitat preferences, manatees often use areas near human settlements, and consequently face several anthropogenic impacts such as hunting (Calvimontes &

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“…There are two species of manatees present in Brazil, T. inunguis and T. manatus (Antillean manatee), both coexisting in sympatry in the estuary of the Amazon basin, with reported cases of hybridization manatees in this region [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Currently, the Amazonian manatee is classified as vulnerable on the Red List of Threatened Species [ 5 ], with major threats arising from direct and indirect human activities, such as accidental captures of calves in fishing nets, strandings (especially during the rainy season), water pollution from pesticide and heavy metal use, deforestation of riparian forests due to inappropriate land use for agriculture, dam construction, livestock, and mining [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment and Characterization of a Primary Fibroblast Cell Culture from the Amazonian Manatee (Trichechus inunguis)

Tavares,

Martins,

Delella

et al. 2024

Animals

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The vulnerable status of the Amazon manatee, Trichechus inunguis, indicates the need to seek measures to guarantee its conservation. In this context, the cultivation of cells in vitro is a strategy that should at least guarantee the preservation of their genetic material. Thus, we established for the first time a primary culture of Amazonian manatee fibroblasts (TINsf) from a skin biopsy of a young male. Karyotypic analysis of the 3rd, 7th, and 12th passages confirmed the taxonomic identity of the species T. inunguis (2n = 56/NF = 92) and indicated that this culture presents genomic stability. Gene and protein expression of vimentin at the 13th passage show the predominant presence of fibroblasts in TINsf. To test the cell line’s responsiveness to materials and demonstrate a possible application of this culture, it was exposed to andiroba seed oil (ASO), and its viability and proliferative capacity were evaluated. ASO demonstrated toxic effects at the highest concentrations and longest exposure times tested, reproducing results observed in human cultures, indicating the applicability of TINsf in toxicological and biotechnological studies. After cryopreservation, the TINsf line maintained its proliferative potential, indicating the establishment of a new culture available for future studies.

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Advances in the knowledge of the biology and conservation of the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis)

Cited by 7 publications

References 82 publications

Morphological analysis of the digestive tract of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus, Linnaeus, 1758) in northeast Brazil

Morphological analysis of the digestive tract of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus, Linnaeus, 1758) in northeast Brazil

Manatees across borders: Introduction to the special issue on the biology and conservation of manatees

Establishment and Characterization of a Primary Fibroblast Cell Culture from the Amazonian Manatee (Trichechus inunguis)

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