Polarização da estrutura fundiária e mudanças no uso e na cobertura da terra na Amazônia

Abstract

The objective of this article is to present Polarization of Agrarian Structure as a single, more complete representation than models emphasizing rural exodus and consolidation of land into large agropastoral enterprises of the dynamics of changing land distribution, land use / cover, and thus the rural milieu of Amazonia. Data were collected in 2003 using social surveys on a sample of 587 lots randomly selected from among 5,086 lots on a cadastral map produced in the 1970s. Georeferencing of current property boundaries in the location of these previously demarcated lots allows us to relate sociodemographic and biophysical variables of the surveyed properties to the changes in boundaries that have occurred since the 1970s. As have other authors in other Amazonian regions, we found concentration of land ownership into larger properties. The approach we took, however, showed that changes in the distribution of land ownership is not limited to the appearance of larger properties, those with 200 ha or more; there also exists substantial division of earlier lots into properties with fewer than five hectares, many without any agropastoral use. These two trends are juxtaposed against the decline in establishments with between five and 200 ha. The variation across groups in land use / land cover and population distribution shows the necessity of developing conceptual models, whether from socioeconomic, demographic or environmental perspectives, look beyond a single group of people or properties.

Neoliberal Environmentality among Elites: Becoming “Responsible Producers” in Santarém, Brazil

“…Prior to the arrival of soybean agribusiness, large‐scale, low‐intensity cattle ranching and small‐scale, low technology farming were the primary landscape features in Santarém (D'Antona et al. ; Moran et al. ).…”

“…Despite the relatively peaceful nature of land consolidation in Santarém, the effects of this landholding change include reports of intimidation (Baletti ), forced sales (Steward ), closed schools and health clinics (Pereira and Leite ), and reduced bus routes (D'Antona et al. ). In Santarém, the patchwork of farmland, forest, secondary succession, and pasture was mostly converted into a landscape of monoculture farmland.…”

“…Because the Amazon is a heterogeneous region (Brondizio 2005;Moran 1993), Santarém shares characteristics with other areas of the Amazon basin, but is unique in many respects. Prior to the arrival of soybean agribusiness, large-scale, low-intensity cattle ranching and small-scale, low technology farming were the primary landscape features in Santarém (D'Antona et al 2011;Moran et al 2006). The city has a number of active social justice and environmental organizations, and has experienced several historic waves of economic growth, including Henry Ford's rubber operation, a boom economy centered on jute at the start of the 20th century, and some ancillary economic growth following the nearby Gold Rush in the 1980s (Dean 1987;Nugent 1993;Valbuena 2009;WinklerPrins 2006).…”

“…Landholding consolidation was relatively peaceful and involved land purchases in Santarém, in contrast with the violence and involvement of military forces noted further south, along the BR-163 highway in the region known as "Terra do Meio" (Arnauld de Sartre and Taravella 2009;Simmons et al 2007). Despite the relatively peaceful nature of land consolidation in Santarém, the effects of this landholding change include reports of intimidation (Baletti 2014), forced sales (Steward 2004), closed schools and health clinics (Pereira and Leite 2011), and reduced bus routes (D'Antona et al 2011). In Santarém, the patchwork of farmland, forest, secondary succession, and pasture was mostly converted into a landscape of monoculture farmland.…”

Impacto das atividades produtivas na dinâmica da paisagem do assentamento Matupi, estado do Amazonas

“…Toda essa dinâmica de ocupação, comércio e reocupação tem sido alta em vários outros estudos em assentamentos rurais realizados pelo INCRA na região Amazônica e no restante do Brasil (CAMPARI, 2002;MELLO, 2006;ALEIXO, 2007;NAASE, 2010;D´ANTONA et al, 2011). Ludewigs et al, (2009) , 1996;McCRACKEN et al, 1999;McCRACKEN et al, 2002;MATTOS, 2010 , 2007).…”