Flowering levels, harvest season and yields of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum)

Venturieri, Giorgini Augusto

doi:10.1590/s0044-59672011000100017

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Subsequent studies demonstrated that three loci are involved in the control of cocoa fertilization . Similar to T. cacao, T. grandiflorum presents pre-zygotic selfincompatibility with ovarian reaction, and the abscission of the flower before the formation of the embryo (Venturieri, 2011). The estimate of the multilocus crossing rate also suggests that T. grandiflorum is a perfectly allogamous species (Alves et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The weak conversion of flowers into fruit stems from the presence of natural barriers that affect the number of pollinated flowers (Venturieri, 2011). Besides being an essentially allogamous species, with selfing rates of nearly zero, cupuassu also presents inter-clonal incompatibility, which is directly proportional to the degree of relationship between the involved parents (Falcão et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization and compatibility among genotypes to select elite clones of cupuassu

Alves¹,

Silva²,

Albuquerque³

et al. 2017

Acta Amaz.

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The expansion of the genetic base of cultivated materials is an ongoing activity of the cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) breeding program. However, the parents involved need to be genotypically and phenotypically characterized to ensure compatibility of crossings, as well as to assist in the selection of more promising individuals for hybridization. This study aimed to identify and select T. grandiflorum clones that are compatible and genetically divergent using tools such as the estimates of genotypic, phenotypic, and combined distances, as well as the compatibility rates among clones. The genetic distance analysis of the clones was performed with 14 heterologous microsatellite primers of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) that amplify the DNA of cupuassu. Phenotypic characterization was based on 14 variables related to fruit production. The joint dissimilarity matrix was obtained by means of the sum of the phenotypic and molecular dissimilarity matrices. The intra-and inter-clonal compatibility was estimated through controlled crossings. A low correlation was noted between the dissimilarity matrices based on the molecular and agronomic data. As for compatibility, all clones were self-incompatible, with different compatibility rates when crossed. The compatibility index was strongly influenced by the degree of relationship of the clones. It was possible to identify and select the most promising sets of cupuassu clones to be used in breeding programs, despite their genetic relationship. KEYWORDS: microsatellites, tropical fruit, diversity, plant breeding, Theobroma grandiflorum Caracterização fenotípica, genotípica e compatibilidade entre genótipos para seleção de clones elite de cupuaçuzeiro RESUMO A ampliação da base genética dos materiais de cultivo é trabalho contínuo do programa de melhoramento genético do cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum). Há necessidade, entretanto, que os parentais envolvidos estejam caracterizados fenotípica e genotipicamente, para auxiliar na escolha dos indivíduos que serão hibridizados, bem como para garantir os mecanismos de rastreabilidade e proteção das cultivares. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e selecionar clones de cupuaçuzeiro inter-compatíveis e geneticamente divergentes, utilizando como ferramentas as distâncias genotípica, fenotípica e combinada mistas, assim como as taxas de compatibilidade entre os clones. Estimativas das distâncias genéticas entre os clones foram realizadas com base em 14 iniciadores microssatélites heterólogos de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao) que amplificam o DNA do cupuaçuzeiro. Para a caracterização fenotípica foram empregadas 14 variáveis relacionadas à produção de frutos. A matriz de dissimilaridade conjunta foi obtida por meio da soma das matrizes de dissimilaridade fenotípica e molecular. A compatibilidade intra e inter-clonal foi estimada através de cruzamentos controlados. Houve uma baixa correlação entre as matrizes de dissimilaridade com base nos dados moleculares e agronômicos. Quanto à compatibilidade, todos os clones foram auto-...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization and compatibility among genotypes to select elite clones of cupuassu

Alves¹,

Silva²,

Albuquerque³

et al. 2017

Acta Amaz.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Schum. (cupuaçu) is a fruitful tree native to the Amazon region that stoods out in agroindustry, due to the demand for its fruit pulp, which is widely used in the cuisine of Pará state (PA, Brazil) (Venturieri, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic divergence among cupuaçu accessions by multiscale bootstrap resampling

et al. 2015

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This study aimed at investigating the genetic divergence of eighteen accessions of cupuaçu trees based on fruit morphometric traits and comparing usual methods of cluster analysis with the proposed multiscale bootstrap resampling methodology. The data were obtained from an experiment conducted in Tomé-Açu city (PA, Brazil), arranged in a completely randomized design with eighteen cupuaçu accessions and 10 repetitions, from 2004 to 2011. Genetic parameters were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction (REML/BLUP) methodology. The predicted breeding values were used in the study on genetic divergence through Unweighted Pair Cluster Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) hierarchical clustering and Tocher's optimization method based on standardized Euclidean distance. Clustering consistency and optimal number of clusters in the UPGMA method were verified by the cophenetic correlation coefficient (CCC) and Mojena's criterion, respectively, besides the multiscale bootstrap resampling technique. The use of the clustering UPGMA method in situations with and without multiscale bootstrap resulted in four and five clusters, respectively, while the Tocher's method resulted in seven clusters. The multiscale bootstrap resampling technique proves to be efficient to assess the consistency of clustering in hierarchical methods and, consequently, the optimal number of clusters.

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“…In this genus Theobroma cacao L. and T. grandiflorum (cupuassu) are the most economically important species, used, respectively, in the cosmetic and food industries, mainly in the production of chocolate and "cupulate" (a seed-derived product similar to chocolate). The seeds of T. grandiflorum have a juicy pulp with an acid-sweet flavor, which is used in the preparation of beverages, candies and ice creams (Venturieri 2011). Other species of the genus, such as T. speciosum (cacauí) and T. subincanum (cupuí) are not marketed, but their sweet pulp is consumed fresh and their seeds are used in the preparation of chocolate (Cuatrecasas 1964, Cavalcante 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf anatomical features of three Theobroma species (Malvaceae s.l.) native to the Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2014

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Theobroma species have economic importance due to their use in the cosmetic and food industries, mainly in the production of chocolate. However, the anatomy of their vegetative structures remains poorly studied. The goal of this study was to describe the anatomical features of Theobroma grandiflorum, T. speciosum and T. subincanum to contribute to the biological knowledge of these species, as well as provide support to the biotechnological studies of native fruit plants of the Amazon. Leaves at different developmental stages were collected and analyzed under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Sessile and stalked stellate trichomes and digitiform glandular trichomes were observed in the expanded leaves of T. grandiflorum and T. subincanum. These species were also similar in the morphology of the midrib, the organization of the mesophyll and the presence of starch grains in the midrib pith cells. Claviform glandular trichomes and mucilage cells in the epidermis occurred only in the expanded leaves of T. speciosum. The presence of mucilage secretory trichomes in shoot apices (colleters) of all species is a new finding for the genus Theobroma. KEYWORDS: colleters, cupuassu, glandular trichomes, mucilage, stellate trichomes. Caracteres anatômicos foliares de três espécies de Theobroma (Malvaceae s.l.) nativas da Amazônia Brasileira RESUMOAs espécies de Theobroma têm importância econômica devido a sua utilização nas indústrias cosmética e alimentícia, principalmente na produção de chocolate. Entretanto, a anatomia de suas estruturas vegetativas permanece pouco conhecida. O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever as características anatômicas de Theobroma grandiflorum, T. speciosum e T. subincanum, como contribuição ao conhecimento biológico dessas espécies, bem como, fornecer subsídios aos estudos biotecnológicos de fruteiras nativas da Amazônia. Folhas em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento foram coletadas e analisadas sob microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Nas folhas expandidas de T. grandiflorum e T. subincanum foram observados tricomas dos tipos estrelado séssil, pedunculado e glandular digitiforme. Estas espécies também foram similares quanto à morfologia da nervura central, à organização do mesofilo e à presença de grãos de amido no parênquima medular da nervura central. Tricomas glandulares claviformes e células mucilaginosas na epiderme do limbo foliar ocorreram somente em T. speciosum. A presença de tricomas secretores de mucilagem nos ápices vegetativos (coléteres) de todas as espécies estudadas é um novo registro para o gênero Theobroma.

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Flowering levels, harvest season and yields of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum)

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization and compatibility among genotypes to select elite clones of cupuassu

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization and compatibility among genotypes to select elite clones of cupuassu

Genetic divergence among cupuaçu accessions by multiscale bootstrap resampling

Leaf anatomical features of three Theobroma species (Malvaceae s.l.) native to the Brazilian Amazon

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