Respostas fisiológicas de estresse no matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) após exercício físico intenso durante a captura

Summary The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of probiotics prepared from Bacillus subtilis (strain C‐3102‐Calsporin®; Calpis, Tokyo, Japan) as a dietary supplement on several reproductive aspects of female ‘matrinxã’(Brycon amazonicus), including hematological parameters, immunological characteristics and total lipid concentrations in muscle and liver tissue. The broodstock were kept in two ponds of 600 m2, at a density of 50 fish per pond, from March to November 2008. The fish were divided into two treatment groups: untreated control fish (T1), and fish fed with 10 g of probiotics per kg of ration (T2). Fish were fed a diet containing 32% crude protein (CP), 7% crude fat (CF), and 6.5% ether extract (EE) twice daily at a rate of 1% of the total biomass per day during the coldest months (May through August) and 3% during the warm season (March, April and September through November). During the reproductive period, 20 individuals from each treatment group were selected for the experiments; two doses of crude carp pituitary extract were given to females in 10‐h intervals, and one dose was given to the males at the same time the females were given the second dose. A total of 20 fish were used for the hematological analyses. After anesthetization, blood samples were withdrawn by caudal puncture to determine the total number of cells, differential and total leukocyte counts, thrombocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin rate and plasma cortisol and glucose levels. The hematimetric index mean corpuscular volume (VCM) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MHCM) were calculated. Ten other ‘matrinxãs’ from the same groups were used to assess macrophage phagocytic activity and lipid levels. The results showed that females fed a probiotics‐supplemented diet exhibited an increase in numbers of oocytes and, consequently, had higher rates of fertilization and hatching of larvae. Probiotic‐treated fish also exhibited a significant increase in the phagocytic activity of macrophages, indicating an improvement in the immune system of breeders. Hematologic parameters were different in comparison to the time‐zero group, and plasma cortisol and glucose levels were higher in the females. The total lipids levels in muscle and liver tissue were lower in B. amazonicus that received feed supplemented with probiotics.

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“…Observed glucose levels were higher than those found by Carneiro and Urbinati (2002) and Hoshiba et al. (2009).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…However, after 24 h of transport, these values increased. It is likely that the peak cortisol level had already subsided after 24 h. Hoshiba et al. (2009) tested the effect of handling on the cortisol levels of captured ‘matrinxãs’ and observed values lower than those in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Effect of incorporating probiotics into the diet of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) breeders

Dias

Leonardo

Tachibana³

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Ichthyology

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“…The increase of glucose in fish blood helps to satisfy the increased energy demand during stress, allowing the fish to react to stressors (Wendelaar Bonga, 1997). In matrinxã, hyperglycemia has been associated with stressful conditions such as capture, transport and crowding (Rocha et al, 2004;Urbinati et al, 2004;Hoshiba et al, 2009). To the knowledge of the authors, there are no studies available on the effect of Aloe vera on the reduction of stress in fish that can be compared to the present research.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effect of Aloe vera extract on the improvement of the respiratory activity of leukocytes of matrinxã during the transport stress

2012

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-This study evaluated the effect of extract of Aloe vera in the transport water of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) fish on stress response and leukocyte respiratory activity. Fish was transported for 4 h in water containing Aloe at levels 0; 0.02; 0.2 and 2 mg/L, and sampled before transport 2, 4, 24 and 96 h after for determination of plasma glucose and respiratory activity of leukocytes. An additional in vitro assay was conducted with another fish species, pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), to test the respiratory burst of leukocytes exposed to Aloe extract (0.0, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only) at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/L). Plasma glucose increased after 2 and 4 h of transport and returned to control levels within 24 h, but the addition of Aloe in the transport water did not affect the level of blood glucose. However, at 2 h of transport, Aloe enhanced the respiratory activity of leukocytes in a dose-dependent way. The highest value of respiratory burst activity of leukocytes was observed in the fish transported in water containing Aloe at 2 mg/L. The enhancing effect of the plant extract on the production of oxygen radicals was confirmed in vitro in leukocytes of pacu incubated in Aloe at concentrations 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L. The results suggest that Aloe vera is a modulator of the immune system in fish improving the innate immune response tested.

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“…carvalhoi (Castro et al ). An additional stress factor may have occurred during fish management or sample procedure; however, previous studies from our group have demonstrated that well acclimated fish did not display physiological stress responses after quick handling (Abreu et al ; Hoshiba et al ). Furthermore all fish were subjected to the same procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Similar to these observations, the plasma glucose concentration increased in Atlantic salmon infected with the sea louse L. salmonis (Bowers et al 2000;Mustafa et al 2000) and in P. mesopotamicus infected with D. carvalhoi (Castro et al 2007). An additional stress factor may have occurred during fish management or sample procedure; however, previous studies from our group have demonstrated that well acclimated fish did not display physiological stress responses after quick handling (Abreu et al 2009;Hoshiba et al 2009). Furthermore all fish were subjected to the same procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Physiological Response to Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura) Infection by Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Subjected to Short Cycles of Food Restriction and Refeeding

Takahashi

Biller-Takahashi

Urbinati

2014

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Feeding strategies that reduce feed and promote compensatory growth could be an interesting tool to reduce costs in the fish production. However, fish health must be monitored to evaluate if their physiological response to adverse conditions, such as parasite infection, does not become compromised. A 12-wk growth trial was conducted to determine the physiological responses of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, that were subjected to different fasting/refeeding cycles and infected with the Dolops carvalhoi. The schemes were: (i) control group fish (FD), (ii) food-restricted and controlled refeeding group (FR/Rc), and (iii) food-restricted and refeeding to satiation group (FR/Rs). After 84 d, the fish were exposed to D. carvalhoi for 30 h. The fish subjected to food restriction did not exhibit compensatory growth. Cortisol levels decreased in all groups within 30 h after infection. Glucose levels increased 6 h after the D. carvalhoi in the FR/Rs and 30 h after infection in the FD. In all of the fish groups, the hematocrit values were reduced after infection, and it was associated with a reduction in the mean corpuscular volume and erythrocytes. At 30 h after infection, the number of erythroblasts increased. The use of the feeding schemes does not indicate a failure of the pacu physiological responses.

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Respostas fisiológicas de estresse no matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) após exercício físico intenso durante a captura

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of incorporating probiotics into the diet of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) breeders

Effect of incorporating probiotics into the diet of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) breeders

Effect of Aloe vera extract on the improvement of the respiratory activity of leukocytes of matrinxã during the transport stress

Physiological Response to Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura) Infection by Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Subjected to Short Cycles of Food Restriction and Refeeding

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