Distribuição espacial e características dos criadouros de Aedes albopictus e Aedes aegypti em Fortaleza, Estado do Ceará

Abstract

RESUMOIntrodução: Desde seu registro, em 2005, no município de Fortaleza, o Aedes albopictus tem exibido uma rápida dispersão. Um estudo visando à identificação das áreas de sua ocorrência, os seus criadouros e a associação com Aedes aegypti e outros culicídeos foi realizado durante o ano de 2008. Métodos: Foram coletadas, de janeiro a julho de 2008, amostras de formas imaturas de culicídeos provenientes de imóveis situados nos bairros de Fortaleza, ressaltando-se algumas características dos criadouros, tais como localização (intradomicílio ou peridomicílio), presença de cobertura (proteção contra a incidência de raios solares e chuva), turbidez da água (água límpida e não límpida), material constituinte, volume, altura em relação ao nível do solo e presença simultânea de diferentes espécies de culicídeos no mesmo criadouro. Resultados: A localização no intradomicílio foi um fator importante para os criadouros do Aedes albopictus [RP=0,52 IC95% (0,33-0,81)], por outro lado, a turbidez da água e a cobertura do depósito não se mostraram como diferenciadores para a infestação [p>0,05]. Para o Aedes aegypti a ausência de turbidez da água foi significativa para a infestação nos criadouros [RP=1,14 IC95% (1,06-1,22)]. Conclusões: a ausência de uma das espécies nos criadouros favorecia sua infestação por outra; criadouros não infestados por Aedes albopictus tinham uma prevalência de infestação de 2,05 [IC95%1,72-2,44] vezes maior pelo Aedes aegypti. Não houve associação significativa entre volume e altura do criadouro e infestação por ambas as espécies. As duas espécies encontram-se dispersas por todo o município, ocupando os mais diversos tipos de criadouros. No entanto, pode-se identificar uma ligeira separação física, com uma infestação maior do Aedes albopictus no peridomicílio. On the other hand, water turbidity and reservoir covering were not shown to be differentiators regarding infestation [p > 0.05]. Absence of water turbidity was significant for Aedes aegypti infestation in breeding sites [PR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.06-1.22]. Conclusions: Absence of one of the species from the breeding sites enhanced the infestation by another species. Breeding sites that had not been infested by Aedes albopictus had a prevalence of infestation by Aedes aegypti that was 2.05 times greater [95% CI: 1.72-2.44]. There was no significant association between volume and height of the breeding sites and infestation by both species. Both species were found to be dispersed throughout the municipality, occupying a wide diversity of breeding sites. However, a slight physical separation could be identified, with higher infestation with Aedes albopictus outdoors. Palavras

Occurrence of Natural Vertical Transmission of Dengue-2 and Dengue-3 Viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

“…Thus, the detection of DENV in specimens of A. albopictus prompts discussion regarding the transmission of DENV to the people who visit the Adahil Barreto Park and its dissemination to other areas, mainly when they return to their homes, where there is a predominance of A. aegypti [35]. This potential of A. albopictus to act as a bridge for the introduction of this arbovirus in peridomestic environments is a factor which increases the risk of human infection [36].…”

“…Considering these results and the adaptive potential of both species to colonize a wide variety of types of breeding sites in the urban environment of Fortaleza, as demonstrated by Martins et al [35], it is necessary to expand the strategies directed toward combating these Culicidae in the Dengue Control Programs in Fortaleza, especially in relation to A. albopictus . Although there are no confirmed cases in the literature of the transmission of DENV by populations of A. albopictus in episodes of epidemics in Brazil, this possibility cannot be discarded.…”

Variation in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera, Culicidae) infestation in artificial containers in Caxias, state of Maranhão, Brazil

“…In the State of Ceará, containers used to store water, such as tanks, drums, and rooftop water tanks, predominated as the principal breeding sites of A. aegypti 18,21 . The problem of water supply was also mentioned as one of the aggravating factors in necessitating the large number of these containers in residences, as was their predominant role as breeding sites 18,19 .…”

“…The problem of water supply was also mentioned as one of the aggravating factors in necessitating the large number of these containers in residences, as was their predominant role as breeding sites 18,19 . In other countries, such as Cuba and Nicaragua, water-storage containers were most often found to contain the largest number of immature A. aegypti [21][22][23] . Different situations have been described for other regions of Brazil.…”

Evaluation of two sweeping methods for estimating the number of immature Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in large containers

“…In a study conducted in Fortaleza, Martins et al 9 verifi ed that water drums and tanks corresponded to 11.8% and 9.8% of the total containers that could harbour immature A. aegypti, respectively. Water drums and tanks are still used for water storage in São José do Rio Preto (SUCEN: unpublished data), even though virtually all households in the city have adequate tap water and sanitation systems 10 .…”