Marcadores sorológicos do vírus da hepatite B em mulheres jovens atendidas pelo Programa de Saúde da Família em Vitória, Estado do Espírito Santo, 2006

Abstract

RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a freqüência dos marcadores sorológicos para hepatite B e de fatores de risco associados com a infecção pelo vírus B em mulheres jovens, residentes em Vitória, ES, onde a vacinação em recém-nascidos e em adolescentes foi iniciada em 1994 e 2000, respectivamente. Estudo populacional, por amostragem, realizado em três regiões ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of serological markers for hepatitis B and risk factors associated with HBV infection among young women living in Vitória, Espírito Santo, where vaccination for newborns and adolescents started in 1994 and 2000, respectively. This was a population-based study performed by sampling in three health regions of Vitória in 2006. Interviews were held and HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs were investigated. Out of 1,200 women selected, 1,029 (85.7%) were enrolled. The median age was 23 years (interquartile range: 20-26 years) and 93.2% had had more than four years of schooling. Forty-three women (4.2%; 95%CI 2.97%-5.43%) were positive for anti-HBc total, and nine, for HBsAg (0.9%; 95%CI 0.4%-1.6%)]. There were 466 positive anti-HBs tests (45.3%; 95%CI 42.2%-48.4%), of which 427 were negative for anti-HBc and HBsAg. Monthly income of up to four minimum monthly salaries was the only variable independently associated with positive anti-HBc tests (OR = 2.6: 95%CI 1.06-6.29). These data show low prevalence of the hepatitis B virus and its better-known risk factors. The prevalence of positive anti-HBs tests with negative anti-HBc and HBsAg tests reflects the vaccine coverage in the municipality in this group (43.7%). It was not possible to determine any significant risk factors for hepatitis B virus acquisition among this population.

Seroprevalence of HIV, HTLV, CMV, HBV and rubella virus infections in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil

“…In Brazil, few studies have associated epidemiological variables with serological markers of HBV infection other than HBsAg. In Maranhão, the presence of anti-HBc was associated with the level of education in pregnant women in general [ 40 ], but no association was observed in other Brazilian states, including Goiás [ 34 ] and Espírito Santo [ 41 ]. This finding indicates the need for better monitoring of these markers for the implementation of public policies to combat HBV.…”

Detecção de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B nos municípios brasileiros segundo cobertura dos serviços de hemoterapia, no período de 2001 a 2008

“…11,22 É provável que a maior detecção no sexo feminino com idade entre 15 e 39 anos esteja relacionada a fatores de risco, como a multiplicidade de parceiros sexuais, relações sem preservativos e práticas da comercialização da atividade sexual. 23 Situações de desigualdade nas relações de gênero, em que prevalece a dominação masculina, principalmente nas parceiras fixas, podem estar associadas à maior vulnerabilidade das mulheres ao VHB nessa faixa etária, dada sua dificuldade, na negociação do uso do preservativo com os homens. 24 Para o sexo masculino na faixa dos 40 aos 69 anos, é possível que os achados deste estudo estejam relacionados a fatores que incluem atividades sexuais extraconjugais sem o uso de preservativos.…”

Temporal Trends in the Detection Rates of Hepatitis B in the Santa Catarina State, Brazil

“…The presence of HBV in the semen and in vaginal secretion means that transmission is enabled by sexual intercourse. The contamination also may occur by sharing syringes, occupational exposure, contaminated blood transfusion and through family life habits 3,12,13 .…”