Low prevalence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D virus and hepatitis C virus among patients with human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Brazilian Amazon basin

Braga, Wornei Silva Miranda; Castilho, Márcia da Costa; Santos, Isabelle Cristina Vale dos; Moura, Marco Antônio Sabóia; Segurado, Aluisio Cotrim

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822006000600001

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Individuals less than 40 years old, females, widows, and widowers were most affected. The prevalence rates for HIV/HBV co-infection and for HIV/HBV/HCV obtained in this study are higher than the 5.7% and 1.8%, respectively, reported among Brazilian patients [15]. The prevalence of hepatitis B found in this study is also higher than the 6.3% reported among HIV patients in Jos, Nigeria [4].…”

Section: Characteristicscontrasting

confidence: 76%

Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in Nigerian patients with HIV infection

Adewole¹,

Anteyi²,

Ajuwon³

et al. 2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: We set out to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses among human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals and its impact on pattern of presentation. Methodology: A serological study for hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses was performed on 260 HIV-positive individuals. These patients were tested for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody. Results: Thirty (11.5%) patients tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, six (2.3%) tested positive for anti-hepatitis C virus antibody, four (1.5%) were positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus and the overall prevalence was 15.4% . Individuals younger than 40 years of age were more affected, and the odds ratio of a female being co-infected was 1.2, 25% versus 75% p value = 0.03. The prevalence of HIV and hepatitis co-infection rises with age except for hepatitis C. There was no significant difference in the mean levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT) among the various groups. The groups differ significantly in their mean CD4 count: it was lowest for those coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis C; 106 cells/mm 3 , 171 cells/mm 3 for those with HIV alone; and the highest value of 260cells/mm 3 was obtained in those who tested positive for anti-HCV. Scarification marks and multiple blood transfusions were more common among those infected. There was no case of intravenous drug abuse identified. Conclusion: This low frequency of HIV/HCV co-infection is probably due to the uncommon intravenous drug abuse in this population. Coinfection with hepatitis B virus is common among our HIV-infected patients and should be a major consideration in the initiation and choice of therapy.

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Section: Characteristicscontrasting

confidence: 76%

Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in Nigerian patients with HIV infection

Adewole¹,

Anteyi²,

Ajuwon³

et al. 2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…In Brazil, the incidence of HIV/HCV co-infection varies according to geographical distribution and risk factors for disease acquisition, such as age, gender and type of exposure, and ranges from 17% to 53% (27) (28) (29) . The similarity in the routes of transmission, such as sexual, vertical and parenteral (including the use of injectable drugs), associates HIV with several forms of hepatitis, especially those caused by HCV (1) (27) (29) . Hepatitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-seropositive patients (29) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic infections among individuals with HIV-1/AIDS in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era at a Quaternary Level Care Teaching Hospital

Galisteu

Cardoso

Furini

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…At a reference hospital in Manaus, 46.8% of patients with AIDS had positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 9.3% had positive cultures for non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (10) . HIV/AIDS patients attended at the same reference hospital displayed a prevalence of coinfection with chronic hepatitis B carriage of 6.4% (11) , a hepatitis B past infection rate of 40.2% (11) , a hepatitis C infection rate of 4.42% (12) , a leprosy infection rate of 0.76% (13) , and an anal squamous intraepithelial lesion rate of 38.3% (14) .…”

Section: The Early Years Of the Hiv/aids Epidemic In The State Of Amamentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV/AIDS epidemic in the State of Amazonas: characteristics and trends from 2001 to 2012

Oliveira

Benzaken

Saraceni

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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70www.scielo.br/rsbmt I www.rsbmt.org.br Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 48(Suppl I):70-78, 2015http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/0037-8682-0121-2013 Review Article ABSTRACT A scoping review was conducted to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the human immunodefi ciency virus/acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, from 2001 to 2012, and temporary patterns were estimated from surveillance data. The results suggest that in its third decade, the Amazon HIV/AIDS epidemic is far from being stabilized and displays rising AIDS incidence and mortality rates and late diagnoses. The data suggest that AIDS cases are hitting mostly young adults and have recently shifted toward men, both homosexual and heterosexual. AIDS cases among the indigenous people have remained stable and low. However, the epidemic has disseminated to the interior of the state, which adds diffi culties to its control, given the geographical isolation, logistical barriers, and culturally and ethnically diverse population. Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has been decentralized, but peripheral ARV services are still insuffi cient and too distant from people who need them. Recently, the expansion of point-of-care (POC) rapid HIV testing has been contributing to overcoming logistical barriers. Other new POC devices, such as the PIMA CD4 analyzer, will bring the laboratory to the patient. AIDS uniquely coexists with other tropical infections, sharing their epidemiological profi les. The increased demand for HIV/AIDS care services can only be satisfi ed through increased decentralization to peripheral health units, which can also naturally integrate care with other tropical infections and can promote a shift from vertical to integrated programming. Future challenges involve building surveillance data on HIV case notifi cation and covering the spectrum of engagement in care, including adherence to treatment and follow-up loss.

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Low prevalence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D virus and hepatitis C virus among patients with human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Brazilian Amazon basin

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in Nigerian patients with HIV infection

Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in Nigerian patients with HIV infection

Opportunistic infections among individuals with HIV-1/AIDS in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era at a Quaternary Level Care Teaching Hospital

HIV/AIDS epidemic in the State of Amazonas: characteristics and trends from 2001 to 2012

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