Longitudinal comparison between plasma and seminal HIV-1 viral loads during antiretroviral treatment

Neto, Lauro Ferreira da Silva Pinto; Vieira, Nilo Fernando Rezende; Soprani, Moacir; Cunha, Carla B.; Cabral, Valéria P.; Dietze, Reynaldo; Ribeiro‐Rodrigues, Rodrigo

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822003000600008

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A number of studies have attempted to compare HIV viral loads in the BP and genital secretions for patients on antiretroviral therapy, many with conflicting results. While a number of studies have demonstrated that men on HAART with undetectable BP viral loads also have undetectable viral loads in SP [8,11,19–21], as many other studies have reported the opposite [9,10,22–31]. Indeed, among patients on HAART with undetectable BP viral loads, the proportion of men with detectable HIV in SP at any given time has been reported at 7% [28], 7.9% [29], 10% [30,31], 11% [10] and 15% [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discordance in HIV‐1 viral loads and antiretroviral drug concentrations comparing semen and blood plasma

et al. 2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discordance in HIV‐1 viral loads and antiretroviral drug concentrations comparing semen and blood plasma

et al. 2009

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“…This may well be artifactual owing to the lag between sexual exposures and specimen collections. Longitudinal quantification of HIV-1 from paired blood and semen samples collected from HIV-infected men on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have shown that SPVL vary over time and over a broader range than matched BPVL [28]. Because SPVL may fluctuate so much over time, it is crucial to report the time intervals between sexual exposure, sample collection, and the estimated date of infection of the source partner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and viral loads of HIV-1 in blood and semen as risk factors for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men

Butler¹,

Smith

Hightower³

et al. 2008

Aids

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Objective Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 blood plasma viral load is correlated with the sexual transmission of HIV, although transmission from men involves virus from semen instead of blood. We quantified HIV-1 RNA in the blood and semen of men who did or did not transmit HIV to their sex partners. We compared the relationships of HIV-1 transmission risk with blood plasma viral load, seminal plasma viral load, herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and other factors. Design A case–control study. Methods Participants were men evaluated for primary HIV infection and their recent male sex partners. They were interviewed, and clinical specimens were collected. Epidemiologic and phylogenetic linkages were determined by history and molecular techniques. Couples were grouped on the basis of transmission after exposure. Fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon tests were used for comparisons between groups. Multivariable logistic regressions were fit to identify independent predictors of transmission. Results HIV-transmitting partners (n=15) had a higher median seminal plasma viral load (P<0.015) and median blood plasma viral load (P<0.001) than nontransmitting partners (n=32). Herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus was associated with transmission only when the HIV-infected source partner was herpes simplex virus 2 seropositive and the HIV-exposed partner was not (odds ratio 16, P<0.03). Adjusting for other factors, HIV transmission was significantly associated with blood plasma viral load (odds ratio 13.4, P<0.02) but not seminal plasma viral load (odds ratio 0.69, P=not significant). Conclusion Blood and seminal plasma viral load were both associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission, but blood plasma viral load was the stronger predictor in this cohort. Herpes simplex virus 2 coinfection was associated with the risk of transmission but not acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

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“…In fact, the correlation between HIV viral load in blood plasma and semen ranges between .20 and .60 (p<.05 [22,23]), with some studies finding no association between blood and semen viral loads [24]. Beliefs regarding the protective benefits of having an undetectable viral load based on blood plasma are, therefore, potentially erroneous.…”

Section: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (Haart) For Reducing Himentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk compensation in HIV prevention: Implications for vaccines, microbicides, and other biomedical HIV prevention technologies

Eaton

Kalichman²

2007

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

231

181

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Studies investigating the effects of biological HIV prevention technologies have been reported with promising results for slowing the spread of HIV. Although prevention technologies can reduce the rate of HIV transmission at varying levels of efficaciousness, it is vital to anticipate the impact of HIV prevention technologies on subsequent sexual behaviors. Risk homeostasis theory posits that decreases in perceived risk, which will occur with access to HIV prevention technologies, will correspond with increases in risk taking behavior. Here we review the literature on risk compensation in response to HIV vaccines, topical microbicides, antiretroviral medications, and male circumcision. Behavioral risk compensation is evident in response to prevention technologies that are used in advance of HIV exposure and at minimal personal cost. We conclude that behavioral risk compensation be addressed by implementing adjunct behavioral risk reduction interventions to avoid negating the preventive benefits of biomedical HIV prevention technologies.

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Longitudinal comparison between plasma and seminal HIV-1 viral loads during antiretroviral treatment

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Discordance in HIV‐1 viral loads and antiretroviral drug concentrations comparing semen and blood plasma

Discordance in HIV‐1 viral loads and antiretroviral drug concentrations comparing semen and blood plasma

Herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and viral loads of HIV-1 in blood and semen as risk factors for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men

Risk compensation in HIV prevention: Implications for vaccines, microbicides, and other biomedical HIV prevention technologies

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