Formas graves de leptospirose: aspectos clínicos, demográficos e ambientais

Abstract

Abstract Abstract Abstract Characteristics of 1,016 patients hospitalized with leptospirosis in the Hospital Couto Maia, Salvador, BA, Brazil, between 1993 and 1997 are described. Higher pluviometric precipitation was related to an increase in the number of hospitalizations during the following month. Males corresponded to 81.1% (824/1,016) of these; mean age was 35.7±15.4 years. Almost 94% (778/829) of the 829 patients with information about race were black or mulatto (mixed race). For ages 18 years or above, almost 93% had not completed high school level. The mean incubation period was estimated as 6.3±3.9 days. Average duration of symptoms was 6.1±2.4 days. Hemorrhagic events corresponded to 14.3% (145/1,016). The case-fatality rate among 1,009 patients that were not transferred was 14.2% (143/1,009). Renal failure was the attributable cause of death in 76.2% (109/143). The data indicate that leptospirosis is closely related to lower socioeconomic levels, and that higher pluviometric precipitation antecedes the outbreaks.

Análise espacial e sazonal da leptospirose no município de São Paulo, SP, 1998 a 2006

“…The results from the present study were concordant with data from other investigations, such as the studies by Costa et al 9 and Romero et al 15 These authors concluded that the disease was associated with low socioeconomic level, with increases in the numbers of cases with increasing rainfall. cases were predominantly registered in regions without adequate sanitary infrastructure, urban development condition and garbage collection, and that populations without sewage treatment, living beside rivers that were liable to fl ood, were more exposed to infection by Leptospira.…”

“…Young male adults were the group most contaminated by the disease, as also seen in other studies. 5,9,10,12,15 This was perhaps because they were the ones responsible for rescuing possible victims in cases of fl ooding and landslides caused by rain.…”

“…7 In Brazil, a few studies analyzing leptospirosis from the viewpoint of spatial distribution have been produced. In the city of Salvador, state of Bahia, northeastern region, Costa et al 9 concluded that this disease was associated with low socioeconomic level and that the numbers of cases increased when there were higher levels of rainfall. In the city of Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern region, Figueiredo et al 10 observed that cases were registered predominantly in regions without adequate sanitary infrastructure, urban development conditions and garbage collection.…”

Evidence of leptospiral exposure in neotropical primatesrescued from illegal trade and a Zoo in Bahia, Brazil

“…Salvador is the third most populated city in Brazil, with an estimated 2.6 million inhabitants, and 60% of those inhabitants live in slum communities (Riley et al 2007). It is a large urban center with poor sanitation, and incidence of severe leptospirosis cases peak during rainy seasons and in association with floods (Ko et al 1999, Costa et al 2001, Riley et al 2007. Reports from the Zoological personnel indicated that there is a high population of rodents in the park, and rodents are frequently observed to be in contact with the animals in their cages.…”

Epidemiological characterization and risk factors associated with Leptospira infection in dogs from rural settlements in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil

“…The low frequency of seropositive animals in this study may be justified by the difference in canine populations studied and the lower rainfall observed in the period and region studied. According to Costa et al (2001), an increase in leptospirosis cases occurs with an increase of rainfall.…”