Surto de leishmaniose tegumentar americana em Canoa, Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

An outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) was detected in the village of Canoa in 1993. A prospective observational study was outlined to determine the frequency rates and to clinically characterize the disease. A total of 555 people were followed up. There were 29 cases of ACL, 11 cases of probably previous ACL (scars) and 529 healthy individuals. Of these 529 individuals, 65 had a positive Montenegro reaction without any present or past evidence of leishmaniasis. The prevalence of ACL during the two years was 5.2% (29/555). The leishmania involved was Leishmania braziliensis and the vector, Lutzomyia intermedia. Evidence of infection was detected in dogs and horses. The high frequency of the disease among children under ten years, the similar sex distribution of cases and a component of familial aggregation suggest a peri- or intra-domiciliary transmission.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in dogs from an endemic urban area in Cianorte municipality, Paraná State, Brazil

“…This test has been used in several studies to detect Leishmania infection in dogs (24)(25)(26)(27) The PCR test using LU-5A and LB-3C primers had a sensitivity of 0.5 pg for DNA from the L. braziliensis complex, close to that found by Harris et al (22). DNA from the L. braziliensis complex was detected in 2.4% of analyzed dogs.…”

Ecoepidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar no Município de Buriticupu, Amazônia do Maranhão, Brasil, 1996 a 1998

“…Recentemente, Martins 15 , em análise deste padrão por sensoriamento remoto, pôde estimar percentual de cobertura vegetal para os anos de 1984 e 2000, constatando a gradativa fragmentação e a alteração no padrão de cobertura vegetal predominante que passou a ser de "capoeira". Nestes ambientes mais antropizados, em estudos de comunidades antigas e recentes, Rebêlo et al 11,12 detectaram maior número de espécies no peridomicílio em detrimento da mata secundária, o que revela alterações nos hábitos dos insetos potencialmente vetores da LT. Follador et al 16 observaram maior incidência de doentes em povoados onde uma alteração ambiental muito acentuada estava acontecendo, com desmatamentos recentes e antigos, corroborando a hipótese de estreita correlação entre transformações ambientais e a transmissão de LT.…”

“…Essa mudança pode ser observada tomando-se por base os dados de Costa et al 5 e Follador et al 16 , que enfatizaram o acometimento em crianças e adolescentes como indicador de mudanças no perfil epidemiológico com possível transmissão domiciliar, também sugerida por Rebêlo et al 11,12 .…”

Study of a cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak in General Vedia, Province of Chaco, 1996

“…Lutzomyia intermedia s. l. has been the Phlebotominae incriminated as the vector of Leishmania braziliensis in the province of Salta, in the foci of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil, and has been the prevalent species in the foci studied until the present in Argentina 5,6,7,8,13,20 . This species is very well adapted to the environment modified by humans and presents peridomiciliary habits 23 .…”