Verificação da eficácia de diferentes inseticidas no controle ambiental de Tunga penetrans (L., 1758)

Abstract

In this study the variation of infection prevalence before and after control procedures was utilized as an evaluation tool. The pyrethroids Cypermethrine (Cymperator 25EC), deltamethrine (K-Othrine 25EC and 5OSC) were tested. Apart from the effects, the results evaluation has also been based on the cost per area and cost benefit, which are relevant items in Public Health campaigns. We believe all these aspects will help us to evaluate these results and serve as basis for future better insecticide choices.

The patterns of tungiasis in Araruama township, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…This finding is higher than others in different tropical and subtropical regions (Ejezie 1981), but lower to the one demonstrated by Matias (1991) in two municipalities, in the State (Chadee 1998). The distribution of the prevalence by age categories, demonstrated that all age classes were found parasitized, as observed by Chadee et al (1991), showing differences among them (number infested, G = 42.5; p < 0.01).…”

“…Nowadays T. penetrans is endemic in Latin America, the Caribbean and sub-Sahara Africa; only sporadic occurrence has been reported in America, Asia, Oceania and Europe, mainly in citizens, returning from tropical areas after tourism, and military expeditions (Goldman 1976, Difonzo et al 1990, Lowry et al 1996, Veraldi et al 2000; in Brazil, it occurs with a high prevalence (Matias 1989(Matias , 1991. Consequently, the prevalence of tungiasis is poorly known or neglected because it is not a reportable disease (Mckinney & Mcdonald 2001).…”

Neosomes of tungid fleas on wild and domestic animals

“…Both within and around the residences in two municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, the pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin were used as a measure of environmental control (Matias 1991). Given the diversity of habitats, Linardi (1998) claimed that integrated actions were required for the control of tungiasis, involving clinicians, veterinarians, biologists, public health specialists, and technicians and companies responsible for vector control.…”

Tungiasis

“…Additionally, eggs, larvae and pupae of T. penetrans may persist in the environment for a prolonged time, and the reduction of the human and animal reservoir would result in rapid re-infection (HEUKELBACH et al, 2002a). Surface spraying with insecticides has been claimed to be effective, but there is no controlled study to confirm this assumption (MATIAS, 1991), and due to the particular biology of T. penetrans, environmental application of insecticides may not be effective. As the flea seems to prefer sandy and shady soil for breeding, floors of houses could be cemented and streets be paved to reduce attack rates (HEUKELBACH et al, 2002a).…”