Transmissão do Trypanosoma cruzi em um caso, durante aleitamento, em área nâo endêmica

das, D Medina-Lopes M

doi:10.1590/s0037-86821988000300010

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…There was a case report of acute infection in a two-month-old infant breastfed by an infected mother. 41 Although late sequelae may develop, acute disease in the infant tends to be benign. This, combined with the remote possibility of transmission of the disease, is reason enough for maintaining breastfeeding in women with the chronic form of the disease, except if the nipples bleed and have fissures.…”

Section: Chagas Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…42 In cases of acute disease, breastfeeding should be contraindicated. 41,42 Lab experiments using samples of human milk contaminated with the protozoan and tested under different conditions demonstrate that milk pasteurization prevents the transmission of the disease. Rats orally and intraperitoneally inoculated with human milk containing the parasite were infected; however, the control group with animals inoculated with pasteurized milk was not infected.…”

Section: Chagas Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recomendações quanto à amamentação na vigência de infecção materna

Lamounier¹,

Moulin²,

Xavier³

2004

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Suggested citation: Lamounier JA, Moulin ZS, Xavier CC. Recommendations for breastfeeding during maternal infections. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80(5 Suppl):S181-S188. AbstractObjective: To make a literature review on breastfeeding and maternal infectious diseases in order to contribute with knowledge and information that can aid the pediatrician to decide upon allowing infected mothers to breastfeed their babies or not. Sources of data:Lilacs and MEDLINE databases were searched for books, technical rules and articles on the issue of breastfeeding and infected mothers.Summary of the findings: Infected lactating mothers can transmit pathogenic agents to their infants. Although breastfeeding protects the child it can also be a dangerous source of infection. Maternal diseases caused by bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites may sometimes be transmitted via human milk. The literature points out that mothers infected with HIV and T-lymphotropic human viruses (type I) should not breastfeed. With other diseases a careful approach should be made, but, in general, breastfeeding is maintained. Conclusion:The mother who is exposed to infectious diseases may transmit pathogenic agents through the human milk, attention should also be made to milk from milk banks. The healthcare provider must take his/her decision upon suspending breastfeeding -or not, what can be distressful, once he/she has a fundamental role in promoting and stimulating breastfeeding.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80(5 Suppl):S181-S188: Human milk and infection, mothers infectious illnesses, maternal breast-feeding and infection.

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Section: Chagas Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chagas Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Recomendações quanto à amamentação na vigência de infecção materna

Lamounier¹,

Moulin²,

Xavier³

2004

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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“…Há relato de um caso de infecção aguda em lactente de 2 meses de idade amamentado por mãe com a doença 41 . Embora possam aparecer seqüelas tardias, a doença aguda no lactente tende a evoluir de forma benigna.…”

Section: Doença De Chagasunclassified

“…Esse fato, juntamente com a raridade da transmissão da doença, justifica a manutenção do aleitamento materno em mulheres com a forma crônica da doença, exceto se houver sangramento e fissura no mamilo 42 . Nos casos de doença aguda, a nutriz não deve amamentar 41,42 .…”

Section: Doença De Chagasunclassified

Recommendations for breastfeeding during maternal infections

2004

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Criança e do Adolescente da UFMG.Como citar este artigo: Lamounier JA, Moulin ZS, Xavier CC. Recomendações quanto à amamentação na vigência de infecção materna. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80(5 Supl):S181-S188. AbstractObjective: To make a literature review on breastfeeding and maternal infectious diseases in order to contribute with knowledge and information that can aid the pediatrician to decide upon allowing infected mothers to breastfeed their babies or not. Sources of data:Lilacs and MEDLINE databases were searched for books, technical rules and articles on the issue of breastfeeding and infected mothers.Summary of the findings: Infected lactating mothers can transmit pathogenic agents to their infants. Although breastfeeding protects the child it can also be a dangerous source of infection. Maternal diseases caused by bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites may sometimes be transmitted via human milk. The literature points out that mothers infected with HIV and T-lymphotropic human viruses (type I) should not breastfeed. With other diseases a careful approach should be made, but, in general, breastfeeding is maintained. Conclusion:The mother who is exposed to infectious diseases may transmit pathogenic agents through the human milk, attention should also be made to milk from milk banks. The healthcare provider must take his/her decision upon suspending breastfeeding -or not, what can be distressful, once he/she has a fundamental role in promoting and stimulating breastfeeding.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80(5 Supl):S181-S188: Human milk and infection, mothers infectious illnesses, maternal breast-feeding and infection. ResumoObjetivo: Revisão da literatura com o enfoque de amamentação e doenças infecciosas maternas, no intuito de contribuir com conhecimentos para decisões a serem tomadas pelo profissional de saúde. Fontes de dados:Informações foram obtidas em consultas que incluíram livros-texto, normas técnicas, artigos selecionados por meio de busca na base de dados Lilacs e MEDLINE, além de referências específicas.Síntese dos dados: Nutrizes com doenças infecciosas podem transmitir agentes patogênicos pelo leite materno para a criança. Embora a amamentação confira proteção à criança, ela pode também ser uma importante fonte de infecção. Doenças maternas causadas por vírus, fungos e agentes parasitários podem, em alguns casos, ser transmitidas via leite humano. Para mães com infecções pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana e vírus T-linfotrópicos humanos tipo I, a recomendação é não amamentar. Nas demais doenças, é necessária uma avaliação cuidadosa, mas, em geral, na maioria dos casos, o aleitamento materno é mantido.Conclusões: Algumas doenças, principalmente as causadas por vírus, podem ser transmitidas durante a amamentação. O profissional de saúde, ao identificar uma nutriz com infecção viral ativa ou outra doença infecciosa, necessita tomar a decisão de suspender ou não a amamentação, o que pode ser um fato angustiante pelo seu papel fundamental na promoção e estímulo ao aleitamento materno.J Pediatr (Rio J). ...

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“…MILES 9 (1972) detected T. cruzi trypomastigotes and anti-T. cruzi antibodies in the milk of mice in the acute phase of the infection. MEDINA-LOPES 7,8 reported in 1983 and 1988, respectively, two cases of infants, born of infected mothers, who developed acute Chagas disease while being breastfed, which was attributed to the ingestion of blood from papillary fissures. BITTENCOURT et al 3 (1988) and AMATO NETO et al 2 (1992) could not demonstrate the presence of T. cruzi in the milk of infected mothers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pasteurization of human milk to prevent transmission of Chagas disease

Ferreira

Martinho

Neto

et al. 2001

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYAlthough admittedly transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection through breastfeeding is a rare event, it involves serious risks. To test the effectiveness of pasteurization in preventing this mode of infection, three sets of samples of human milk were tested: acontaminated with T. cruzi and pasteurized; b -contaminated with T. cruzi and non-pasteurized; c -non-contaminated and pasteurized. Samples from all sets were orally and intraperitoneally administered to 90 BALB/c mice. The animals inoculated with contaminated, non-pasteurized samples, got the infection. Controls and the animals inoculated with contaminated and pasteurized milk were not infected. The hypothesis was accepted that pasteurization inactivates T. cruzi trypomastigotes. KEYWORDS:Trypanosoma cruzi; Pasteurization of human milk; Milk banks.Control of populations of Trypanosoma cruzi vectors, to a large extent achieved in Brazil, was followed by a marked reduction in the frequency of new cases of Chagas disease. Alternative modes of transmission, breastfeeding among them, were thus put to the foreground. MAZZA et al 6 . reported in 1936 the first finding of T. cruzi in human milk, namely from a patient in the acute phase of Chagas disease. DISKO & KRAMPITZ 5 (1971) observed numerous T. cruzi trypomastigotes in the milk of experimentally infected mice and pointed out that this was not due to contamination of milk with blood from ruptured vessels. However, they were unable to demonstrate the infection of suckling mice via contaminated milk. Likewise, CAMPOS et al. 4 found that experimentally infected female mice failed to infect their litters through suckling. MILES 9 (1972) detected T. cruzi trypomastigotes and anti-T. cruzi antibodies in the milk of mice in the acute phase of the infection. MEDINA-LOPES 7,8 reported in 1983 and 1988, respectively, two cases of infants, born of infected mothers, who developed acute Chagas disease while being breastfed, which was attributed to the ingestion of blood from papillary fissures. BITTENCOURT et al. 3 (1988) and AMATO NETO et al. 2 (1992) could not demonstrate the presence of T. cruzi in the milk of infected mothers. AMATO NETO et al. 1 (1999) evaluated experimentally the penetration, through the digestive tract, of T. cruzi trypomastigotes suspended in liquid foods. Although admittedly it is a rare event, human to human transmission of T. cruzi through breastfeeding must be prevented whenever possible. Accordingly, infected women reaching fertile age should be regarded as a potential health hazard to their offspring. One should not underestimate the risk of transmission from infected nursing mothers who, possibly unaware of their condition, are also milk bank donors. This risk obviously increases when the mothers involved are in the acute phase of the infection. Pasteurization inactivates the causative agents of many diseases (including HIV)10 , in which case it will not be necessary to deprive infants of their mother's milk. To evaluate the effectiveness of pasteurization in inactivating...

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Transmissão do Trypanosoma cruzi em um caso, durante aleitamento, em área nâo endêmica

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Recomendações quanto à amamentação na vigência de infecção materna

Recomendações quanto à amamentação na vigência de infecção materna

Recommendations for breastfeeding during maternal infections

Pasteurization of human milk to prevent transmission of Chagas disease

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