Anal squamous carcinoma: a new AIDS-defining cancer? Case report and literature review

Corti, Marcelo; Villafañe, María F.; Marona, Esteban; Lewi, Daniel

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652012000600010

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Squamous cell anal cancer is a rare malignancy that represents 1.5% to 2% of all the lower digestive tract cancers. [ 23 ] Unlike other common gastrointestinal malignancies, in the last decade, the incidence of anal cancer is increasing, and much of this increase is due to the rise of high-risk immunocompromised populations, including HIV-positive patients. [ 24 ] Indeed, at least a 10-fold increased incidence of anal cancer among HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-uninfected individuals is reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple preinvasive and invasive HPV-related lesions of the anogenital tract in a female patient with HIV infection

et al. 2017

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Rationale:Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been shown to be at increased risk for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection of the anogenital tract. Furthermore, in the last decades, the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has increased the longevity of these patients who now live long enough to develop HPV-related cancers; hence, the impact of HPV infection on HIV-positive patients is of increasing concern.Patient concerns:We reported the case of an HIV-positive female patient on HAART with a good virological and immunological response and with a long history of HPV-related intraepithelial and invasive lesions of the anogenital tract.Diagnoses:From 1996 to 2016, this patient was diagnosed with a high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; a HR-HPV positive inguinal lymph node metastasis from clinically undetectable primary squamous cell carcinoma; a HPV-related vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and an invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.Interventions:All the intraepithelial and invasive lesions detected were properly treated, and subsequent follow up visits with gynecologic examination, anoscopy, pap smear and anal cytology were performed.Outcomes:After a recurrence of the anal cancer and a subsequent salvage surgery with abdominoperineal resection, at the last available follow up visit no sign of disease recurrence was found.Lessons:This case stresses the importance of an accurate multidisciplinary follow-up in HIV-positive patients, including not only the routine medical, immunological, and virological evaluation, but also a periodical complete examination of the anogenital tract with cervicovaginal and anal cytology, colposcopy, high resolution anoscopy, and vulvar examination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple preinvasive and invasive HPV-related lesions of the anogenital tract in a female patient with HIV infection

et al. 2017

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“…High risk HPVs are also associated with vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers [ 298 ]. Sexually active men seem to be a reservoir of high risk HPV subtypes [ 299 ].…”

Section: Immunity Of Female Genital Mucosa Hiv/aids and Stdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Immunity in the Female Genital Tract, HIV/AIDS

Machado

Silva

Cavellani

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Mucosal immunity consists of innate and adaptive immune responses which can be influenced by systemic immunity. Despite having been the subject of intensive studies, it is not fully elucidated what exactly occurs after HIV contact with the female genital tract mucosa. The sexual route is the main route of HIV transmission, with an increased risk of infection in women compared to men. Several characteristics of the female genital tract make it suitable for inoculation, establishment of infection, and systemic spread of the virus, which causes local changes that may favor the development of infections by other pathogens, often called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The relationship of these STDs with HIV infection has been widely studied. Here we review the characteristics of mucosal immunity of the female genital tract, its alterations due to HIV/AIDS, and the characteristics of coinfections between HIV/AIDS and the most prevalent STDs.

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“…En la práctica clínica se puede apreciar esta capacidad oncogénica en la piel de los pacientes aquejados por una rara genodermatosis conocida como epidermodisplasia verruciforme (EV), en los cuales se puede observar la inducción directa de neoplasias malignas, debido a que estos pacientes tienen una inusual tendencia a infectarse hasta con 20 diferentes tipos de VPH, desarrollando lesiones similares a verrugas planas en el tronco, la espalda y los brazos; curiosamente, solo los VPH tipo 5 y 8 son capaces de inducir el carcinoma en pacientes con EV, el curso de esta inducción se caracteriza por la progresión de verruga plana a carcinoma in situ y, finalmente, a neoplasia invasiva (3) . Otro ejemplo palpable de esta capacidad oncogénica es la ocasional ocurrencia de carcinoma epidermoide en lesiones que clínicamente correspondían inicialmente a verrugas periungeales (4) , así como en la enfermedad de Bowen del lecho ungeal (5) , que pueden adoptar clínicas tan variadas como eritroniquia estriada o melanoniquia estriada.…”

Section: Virus Papiloma Humanounclassified

Virus como inductores de neoplasias cutáneas

Puccio

2014

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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El rol oncogénico de los virus en las neoplasias cutáneas es conocido por el hombre desde hace más de un siglo, cuando se atribuía el origen de la verruga vulgar al virus papiloma humano (VPH). En la actualidad, las neoplasias inducidas por virus pueden agruparse en tumores sólidos y procesos linfoproliferativos. Destacan entre los primeros el VPH, del cual ahora conocemos numerosos serotipos, cada uno vinculado a una neoplasia específica, el herpesvirus humano tipo 8 que produce el sarcoma de Kaposi y el poliomavirus vinculado al carcinoma de Merkel. Entre los procesos linfoproliferativos debemos mencionar al virus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo 1 (HTLV-1) responsable de los linfomas de células T, en los cuales el compromiso cutáneo es inespecífico, con un amplio espectro de presentaciones clínicas y, que por consiguiente, plantean un reto para el diagnóstico diferencial. En este grupo también se encuentra el virus Epstein Barr vinculado a los linfomas nasales de Células NK/T y a los linfomas tipo Hidroa, de reciente descripción. En esta era en la que lo genético y lo molecular priman en las investigaciones en cáncer, no podemos dejar de lado el concepto de neoplasia como resultado de la infección por un agente viral, lo que abre una nueva veta de posibilidades de tratamiento anticanceroso basado en medicamentos antivirales. Palabras clave: Papillomaviridae; Poliomavirus; Carcinoma de células escamosas; Carcinoma de células de Merkel; Virus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo 1; Linfoma extranodal de células NK-T (fuente: DeCS BIREME). VIRUSES AS AGENTS INDUCING CUTANEOUS NEOPLASMS ABSTRACTThe oncogenic role of viruses in cutaneous neoplasms has been known by humankind for more than a century, when the origin of the common wart, or verruca vulgaris, was attributed to the human papilloma virus (HPV). Currently, virusinduced cutaneous neoplasms may be grouped into solid tumors and lymphoproliferative disorders. HPV, from which various serotypes are now known, each being linked to a specific neoplasm, the human herpes virus type 8 producing Kaposi sarcoma, and the Merkel cell polyomavirus, highlight among the first group. Regarding the lymphoproliferative disorders, we should mention the human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1), which is responsible for the T-cell lymphomas, in which the cutaneous manifestations are non-specific and have a wide spectrum, thus posing a challenge for differential diagnosis. The Epstein Barr virus, linked to nasal lymphomas of NK/T-cells and Hydroa-like cutaneous lymphomas, is also part of this group. In an era in which the genetic and molecular aspects of cancer research prevail, we may not leave behind the concept of neoplasms as a result an infection with a viral agent, which opens a wide array of new possibilities for cancer treatment based on antiviral drugs.

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Anal squamous carcinoma: a new AIDS-defining cancer? Case report and literature review

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Multiple preinvasive and invasive HPV-related lesions of the anogenital tract in a female patient with HIV infection

Multiple preinvasive and invasive HPV-related lesions of the anogenital tract in a female patient with HIV infection

Mucosal Immunity in the Female Genital Tract, HIV/AIDS

Virus como inductores de neoplasias cutáneas

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