In vitro synergism of simvastatin and fluconazole against Candida species

Menezes, Everardo Albuquerque; Júnior, Antônio Alexandre de Vasconcelos; Silva, Carlla Lorena Façanha; Plutarco, Fábio Ximenes; Cunha, Maria da Conceição dos Santos Oliveira; Cunha, Francisco Afrânio

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652012000400003

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…With the increasing emergence of opportunistic fungi resistant to most conventional antifungals, statins may play a role topically as a direct antifungal, or synergistically in combination with conventional antimicrobial agents . At high concentrations, certain statins inhibit oral fungi, such as Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Zygomycetes spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the in vitro effects of statins on oral and perioral microorganisms

Ting

Whitaker

Albandar

2015

European J Oral Sciences

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Statins are medications administered orally and are widely used for lowering the blood cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of orally administered statins on microorganisms infecting oral and perioral tissues. We performed a systematic review of published studies of the in vitro antimicrobial effects of statins on bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google scholar. Studies show that most statins exhibit antimicrobial effects against various oral microorganisms. Simvastatin is most effective against the periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and against most dental plaque bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans. Statins also exhibit antiviral properties against human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus, and have antifungal properties against Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Zygomycetes spp. There were notable differences in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between different studies, which may be attributed to differences in study design. Further studies are warranted to ascertain if statins can be solubilized so that patients, who have been prescribed statins for cardiovascular diseases, can use the medication as a swish and swallow, giving patients the added benefit of the antimicrobial action topically in the mouth against infectious oral diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the in vitro effects of statins on oral and perioral microorganisms

Ting

Whitaker

Albandar

2015

European J Oral Sciences

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“…The test sensitivity and synergism of LD and MZ was performed according to the protocol M27-A3 by method the microdilution in broth RPMI (pH 7.0), and by checkerboard method, the range of LD used was 2,500 to 15.0 μg mL (Menezes et al, 2012;Menezes, Vasconcelos Júnior, Ângelo, Cunha, & Cunha, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b><i>In vitro</i> synergistic activity of lidocaine and miconazole against <i>Candida albicans

Cunha¹,

Filho²,

Cunha³

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Health Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Candida albicans is the main yeast isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC) and a major antifungal used to treat VVC is miconazole (MZ), it shows local toxic effects, such as irritation and burns. The lidocaine (LD) is a local anesthetic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergistic activity of LD/MZ against 19 strains of C. albicans isolated from vaginal secretion. 78.9% of the strains were susceptible to the combination LD/MZ, demonstrating synergism of drugs. These drugs can be used to produce vaginal creams to treat VVC, especially drug resistant.Keywords: vulvovaginal candidiasis, antifungal agents, local anesthetic.Atividade sinérgica in vitro de lidocaína e miconazole contra Candida albicans RESUMO. Candida albicans é a principal levedura isolada de candidíase vulvovaginal (CVV) e o principal antifúngico usado para tratar a VVC é miconazol (MZ), que apresenta efeitos tóxicos locais, tais como irritação e queimaduras. A lidocaína (LD) é um anestésico local. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade sinérgica de LD/MZ contra 19 cepas de C. albicans isoladas de secreção vaginal. Foram suscetíveis à combinação LD/MZ, 78.9% das cepas testadas, demonstrando sinergismo de drogas. Estes fármacos podem ser utilizados para a produção de cremes vaginais para tratar VVC, especialmente aquelas resistentes aos fármacos disponíveis.Palavras-chave: candidíase vulvovaginal, agentes antifúngicos, anestésico local.

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“…The combination is considered synergistic when the FICI is Յ0.5, indifferent when the FICI is Ͼ0.5 to Յ4, and antagonistic when the FICI is Ͼ4. When the highest concentration of drug tested did not produce a 90 or 50% decrease in metabolic activity, the highest concentration of the drug was used in place of the MIC 90 or MIC 50 to calculate the FICI, according to published methods (29)(30)(31)(32). These concentrations are preceded by "Ͼ".…”

Section: Fig 2 (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Analysis of Finasteride Activity against Candida albicans Urinary Biofilm Formation and Filamentation

Chavez-Dozal

Lown

Jahng

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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cCandida albicans is the 3rd most common cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, with a strong propensity to form drug-resistant catheter-related biofilms. Due to the limited efficacy of available antifungals against biofilms, drug repurposing has been investigated in order to identify novel agents with activities against fungal biofilms. Finasteride is a 5-␣-reductase inhibitor commonly used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, with activity against human type II and III isoenzymes. We analyzed the Candida Genome Database and identified a C. albicans homolog of type III 5-␣-reductase, Dfg10p, which shares 27% sequence identity and 41% similarity to the human type III 5-␣-reductase. Thus, we investigated finasteride for activity against C. albicans urinary biofilms, alone and in combination with amphotericin B or fluconazole. Finasteride alone was highly effective in the prevention of C. albicans biofilm formation at doses of >16 mg/liter and the treatment of preformed biofilms at doses of >128 mg/liter. In biofilm checkerboard analyses, finasteride exhibited synergistic activity in the prevention of biofilm formation in a combination of 4 mg/liter finasteride with 2 mg/liter fluconazole. Finasteride inhibited filamentation, thus suggesting a potential mechanism of action. These results indicate that finasteride alone is highly active in the prevention of C. albicans urinary biofilms in vitro and has synergistic activity in combination with fluconazole. Further investigation of the clinical utility of finasteride in the prevention of urinary candidiasis is warranted.

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In vitro synergism of simvastatin and fluconazole against Candida species

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Systematic review of the in vitro effects of statins on oral and perioral microorganisms

Systematic review of the in vitro effects of statins on oral and perioral microorganisms

<b><i>In vitro</i> synergistic activity of lidocaine and miconazole against <i>Candida albicans

In Vitro Analysis of Finasteride Activity against Candida albicans Urinary Biofilm Formation and Filamentation

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