Asymptomatic oral carriage of Candida species in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era

Costa, Carolina Rodrigues; Cohen, Ana Joaquina; Fernandes, Orionalda F. L.; Miranda, Karla Carvalho; Passos, Xisto Sena; Souza, Lúcia Kioko Hasimoto e; Silva, Maria do Rosário Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652006000500004

Cited by 43 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Carriage rate in HIV positive and healthy persons 75% and 68% in a study from South Africa by Catherine Hester Johanna with Candida albicans in 56% [17] and 28.6% and 18% in another study from China by Liu X et al [4]. Rodrigues Costa et al found 62.6% of HIV positives carried candida in their oral cavities with Candida albicans in 50% in a study from Brazil [16]. Where it was 57% in HIV seropositives with Candida albicans in 44.4% and 24% in healthy persons with Candida albicans in 41.66% in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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A comparative study of carrier state of Candida and its speciation in oral flora – Among healthy individuals, persons with DM and HIV sero positive individuals

Bharathi¹,

Rani²,

Sandhya³

2012

Our Dermatol Online

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The aim was to determine colonization rate of candida in oral cavity of healthy individuals, diabetics and HIV seropositive individuals. Material and methods: Samples were collected from oral cavity of 50 HIV sero positive individuals, 50 diabetics and 50 healthy individuals by swabbing palatal mucosa, dorsum of tongue and buccal mucosa with a sterile swab. Samples were processed by inoculating on Hi Chrome Agar and speciation was done by growth on Hi Chrome agar, germ tube test, chlamydospore formation on CMA, pellicle formation in SDA broth and growth at 45ºc. Results: 27 HIV sero positive individuals (54%) carried candida in their oral cavities (single strain in 44% and combination of strains in 10%). Whereas it was 44% in diabetics (single species in 38% and a combination of species in 6%) and 24% in healthy individuals (only single species). Candida albicans accounts for 41.66% in healthy individuals, 68% in diabetics and 42

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Candida species colonize mucosal surfaces of human beings during or soon after birth and risk of endogenous infection is ever present [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Patients with compromised host defenses are susceptible to ubiquitous fungi to which healthy people are exposed but usually resistant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of carrier state of Candida and its speciation in oral flora – Among healthy individuals, persons with DM and HIV sero positive individuals

Bharathi¹,

Rani²,

Sandhya³

2012

Our Dermatol Online

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“…19, [26][27][28][29] Other Candida species recovered included C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. dublinensis and C. tropicalis. This spectrum of non-albicans Candida species has also been reported by previous investigators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and evaluation of <i>Candida</i> species and their association with CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells counts in HIV patients with diarrhoea

et al. 2017

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Background: Gastrointestinal infection is one of the most common infections among HIV patients. Candida spp have been implicated in the aetiology of chronic diarrhoea in HIV patients, but little is known about this in Nigeria. Objectives: We determined the prevalence of faecal candidiasis in HIV patients in relation to diarrhoea, CD4 counts, and other socio-demographic factors and the spectrum of Candida isolates involved. Methods: One hundred and fifty four HIV patients were investigated. Candida species were identified by standard techniques. Socio-demographic and clinical information was obtained from the patients using a structured questionnaire. The CD4 count was estimated using a single platform flow cytometer.

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“…HIV-infected patients were shown to harbour Candida in the oral cavity more frequently than healthy subjects, the proportion varying from 60% [1,2] to 88% when more than one sample was collected [3]. In HIV patients, oral colonization by Candida spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and microbiological assessment of patients with a long-term diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and Candida oral colonization

Delgado

Pedro

Aoki

et al. 2009

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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The objective of this study was to evaluate Candida oral colonization in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients undergoing long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (ARV). The cross-sectional study included 331 HIV patients, diagnosed from 1983 to 2003. Oral swabs were performed, and Candida species were determined using ID 32C. Isolates were tested for antifungal susceptibility. Clinical and laboratory data were collected to identify the association with Candida colonization. In total, 161 Candida isolates were detected among 147 of the 331 patients (44%), independently of the time when HIV infection was diagnosed. Candida albicans strains represented 137 (85%) of the isolates, and were susceptible to all of the tested antifungal drugs. Among the non-C. albicans strains, six isolates were dose-dependently susceptible to fluconazole, nine to itraconazole, and seven to ketoconazole. The isolation of Candida was significantly higher in patients with virological failure (83/147; p 0.0002) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts <200 cells/mm(3) (30/83; p 0.0003). Recovery of Candida in the oral cavity was independent of protease inhibitor (PI) usage (p 0.60). Colonized patients typically underwent salvage therapy (p 0.003), and had more episodes of opportunistic fungal infections (p 0.046) and malignancies (p 0.004).Oral Candida colonization in patients under ARV therapy was associated with the immunosupressed status of HIV-infected patients, i.e. low number of CD4(+) T-cells per cubic millimetre, failure of ARV therapy (salvage therapy), and higher number of opportunistic infections and malignancies. Despite the fact that PIs have in vitro antifungal activity, the use of this class of antiretroviral agent did not influence the presence of Candida in the oral cavity of AIDS patients.

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Asymptomatic oral carriage of Candida species in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

A comparative study of carrier state of Candida and its speciation in oral flora – Among healthy individuals, persons with DM and HIV sero positive individuals

A comparative study of carrier state of Candida and its speciation in oral flora – Among healthy individuals, persons with DM and HIV sero positive individuals

Isolation and evaluation of <i>Candida</i> species and their association with CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells counts in HIV patients with diarrhoea

Clinical and microbiological assessment of patients with a long-term diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and Candida oral colonization

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