Hepatitis C: transmission between couples

Cavalheiro, Norma de Paula

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652004000200016

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Although intrafamilial transmission is not well documented, several studies have reported sexual and vertical transmission and close contacts as sources of contamination (Cavalheiro, 2004;Cavalheiro et al, 2009;Chiaramonte et al, 1996; Keiserman et al, 2003;Mastromatteo et al, 2001). Sexual transmission is not well determined, although studies have indicated a low effectiveness of infection via this route (Akahane et al, 1994).…”

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Molecular evidence of horizontal transmission of hepatitis C virus within couples

Carvalho-Mello

Filho

Gomes‐Gouvêa

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission has decreased with the adoption of universal blood donor screening and social policies to reduce the risk of infection in intravenous drug users, but remains a worldwide health problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships among sequences from different HCV genomic regions from sexual partners of infected patients. Nine couples with a stable relationship and without other risk factors for HCV infection and 42 control patients were selected, and the NS3 and NS5B regions were analysed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that viruses from five of the couples had a common origin, clustering in the same monophyletic group, with bootstrap values greater than 70. For the other couples, monophyletic groups were observed, but without bootstrap support. Thus, using two different viral genome regions, a common source of infection was observed in both members of five couples. These data strongly support HCV transmission within couples.Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection constitutes a major health problem throughout the world and is related to severe liver cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (Chevaliez & Pawlotsky, 2007).The only member of the genus Hepacivirus of the family Flaviviridae, HCV is an enveloped virus with a positivesense, single-stranded RNA genome of approximately 9.6 kb, encoding a single polyprotein of approximately 3000 aa that is cleaved into structural and non-structural proteins. HCV is classified into six genotypes, HCV-1 to -6, with each genotype further subdivided into subtypes, such as HCV-1a and -1b (Simmonds, 2004).Although intrafamilial transmission is not well documented, several studies have reported sexual and vertical transmission and close contacts as sources of contamination (Cavalheiro, 2004;Cavalheiro et al., 2009;Chiaramonte et al., 1996; Keiserman et al., 2003;Mastromatteo et al., 2001). Sexual transmission is not well determined, although studies have indicated a low effectiveness of infection via this route (Akahane et al., 1994). The estimated risk for sexual transmission is 0-0.6 % year 21 for partners who maintain monogamous relationships for a long period of time, and 1 % year 21 for those with multiple partners (Terrault, 2002). Some studies show high serum anti-HCV positivity rates among sex professionals, men who have sex with other men, and healthcare professionals (Nakashima et al., 1992;Ndimbie et al., 1996;Thomas et al., 1995). If the index case is co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the sexual transmission risk is higher (Filippini et al., 2001).As with sexual and vertical transmission, occupational exposure has been documented but is rare (Alter, 2002; Alter et al., 1999). At least 10 % of HCV-infected patients do not report exposure to any of the known risk factors, and these are considered sporadic cases. Detailed molecular analysis may be able to establish the common ancestry of viruses circulating in a family and to support the hypothesis that close familial...

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confidence: 99%

Molecular evidence of horizontal transmission of hepatitis C virus within couples

Carvalho-Mello

Filho

Gomes‐Gouvêa

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…As seqüências dos casais 5 e 9 não apresentaram a mesma origem em nenhuma das situações. (Eyster et al, 1991;Llibre et al, 1992;Mohamed et al, 2005 (Kao et al, 1992;Chayama et al, 1995;Wejstal, 1999;Ackerman et al, 2000;Tengan et al, 2001;Cavalheiro NP, 2004;Minola et al, 2006).…”

Section: Genotipagemunclassified

“…Não existe um consenso sobre qual região genômica do VHC deve ser utilizada nestes estudos. Várias regiões, como core, NS5B, envelope e NS3, têm sido utilizadas (Honda et al, 1993;Chayama et al, 1995;Ross et al, 1999;Cavalheiro NP, 2004). É importante salientar que a escolha da região a ser analisada é de fundamental importância.…”

Section: Genotipagemunclassified

Evidências moleculares da transmissão horizontal do vírus da hepatite C (VHC) entre cônjuges

Carvalho-Mello¹

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An overview about hepatitis C: A devastating virus

Bostan

Mahmood

2010

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

106

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Hepatitis C (HCV) is the disease that has affected around 200 million people globally. HCV is a life threatening human pathogen, not only because of its high prevalence and worldwide burden but also because of the potentially serious complications of persistent HCV infection. Chronicity of the disease leads to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and end-stage liver disease. HCV positive hepatocytes vary between less than 5% and up to 100%, indicating the high rate of replication of viral RNA. HCV has a very high mutational rate that enables it to escape the immune system. Viral diversity has two levels; the genotypes and Quasiaspecies. Major HCV genotypes constitute genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 while more than 50 subtypes are known. All HCV genotypes have their particular patterns of geographical distribution and a slight drift in viral population has been observed in some parts of the globe.

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Hepatitis C: transmission between couples

Cited by 3 publications

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Molecular evidence of horizontal transmission of hepatitis C virus within couples

Molecular evidence of horizontal transmission of hepatitis C virus within couples

Evidências moleculares da transmissão horizontal do vírus da hepatite C (VHC) entre cônjuges

An overview about hepatitis C: A devastating virus

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