Resistencia antimicrobiana en las Américas: magnitud del problema y su contención

Salvatierra-González, R.; Benguigui, Y

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652002000100014

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Improper care often leads to complications and additional problems, such as those associated with the excessive and improper use of antibiotics, which is one of the main reasons for the recent rise in bacterial resistance to these drugs. 4 Under the framework employed in recent decades, implementing programs for the prevention and control ARI was a priority. These programs promoted first, the development of specific strategies 5 and then, integrated strategies, 6 all aimed at preventing respiratory infections, reducing their duration and the probability that they might worsen, and preventing mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute respiratory infections control in the context of the IMCI strategy in the Americas

Benguigui

2003

Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.

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Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are an important cause of morbidiyty and mortality in children all over the World, particularly in developing countries. Contrasts in mortality can be observed among the countries in America, and also within the countries. Contrasts are also observed in morbidity, associated with differences in nutritional status, absence of breast-feeding and characteristics of care given for ill chidren. Parents perception of disease, patterns and habits of care administered to child during the illness, level of concern about decision to seek assistence, manner in wich care is sought and extent to wich recommendations are followed have great influence in the course and outcome of the disease. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an increasing problem in America, with an average of 26,1% resistance of Streptococcus pneumonia to penicilin. Antibiotics are frequently used in irrational way, and up to 70% of ARI receive antibiotics unnecessarily. Controlling IRA has become a priority. Preventive interventions with vaccines, specially current conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and standardized case management, as proposed by Integrated Management of Childhood Ilness (IMCI) seems to be the most important steps for this public health problem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute respiratory infections control in the context of the IMCI strategy in the Americas

Benguigui

2003

Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.

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“…Peru has the highest reported prevalence in Latin America (80%) [17]. In Mexico, there are a limited number of studies about MRSA and the available information shows an increase in the prevalence of MRSA ranging from 7 to 53% between 1989 and 2017 [15,[23][24][25]. In our study, the prevalence of MRSA identified by molecular methods was higher than the prevalence identified by the oxacillin resistance phenotype, which has been the most used method in our country [17,25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of t895 and t9364 spa types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico: different lineages of clonal complex 5

Negrete-González

Turrubiartes-Martínez

Galicia-Cruz

et al. 2020

BMC Microbiol

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of broad-spectrum infections both in the community and within healthcare settings. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a global public health issue. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical and molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and to define the population structure and distribution of major MRSA clones isolated in a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico. Results: From April 2017 to April 2018, 191 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected. The frequency of MRSA was 26.7%; these strains exhibited resistance to clindamycin (84.3%), erythromycin (86.2%), levofloxacin (80.3%), and ciprofloxacin (86.3%). The majority of MRSA strains harbored the SCCmec type II (76.4%) and t895 (56.8%) and t9364 (11.7%) were the most common spa types in both hospital-associated MRSA and community-associated MRSA isolates. ST5-MRSA-II-t895 (New York /Japan clone) and ST1011-MRSA-II-t9364 (New York /Japan-Mexican Variant clone) were the most frequently identified clones. Furthermore, different lineages of Clonal Complexes 5 (85.4%) and 8 (8.3%) were predominantly identified in this study. Conclusion: Our study provides valuable information about the epidemiology of MRSA in a city of the central region of Mexico, and this is the first report on the association between t895 and t9364 spa types and ST5 and ST1011 lineages, respectively. These findings support the importance of permanent surveillance of MRSA aimed to detect the evolutionary changes of the endemic clones and the emergence of new strains.

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“…21 Early in the twentieth century, infectious and parasitic diseases were the major causes of human morbidity and mortality, especially among infants and children. 22 The golden age of antibiotic treatments was ushered in by the discovery and subsequent development of penicillin from the fi ltrate of a fungus Penicillium notatum culture by Alexander Fleming in 1929. Another key development in the modern history of antibiotics was the synthesis in 1935 by Gerhard Domagk of the fi rst sulfonamide, prontosil, which was spectacularly effective against streptococcus infections.…”

Section: Discovery and Development Of Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…62,89,94 In some countries, including in developed countries, antibiotics are freely available and can be bought without a prescription (even if this is prohibited by law) at sidewalk stands from vendors who know little or nothing about dosage, indications, or contraindications. 22,95,96 When antibiotics are used incorrectly -for too short a time, at too low a dose, too low a frequency, or for the wrong illness -bacteria and other microorganisms are more likely to adapt and replicate rather than die. 90 Furthermore, an association has been found between the patient's lack of participation in the physician visit and the patient's poor understanding of the medications prescribed.…”

Section: Determinants Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The determinants of the antibiotic resistance process

Espinosa¹

2009

IDR

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Background:The use of antibiotic drugs triggers a complex interaction involving many biological, sociological, and psychological determinants. Resistance to antibiotics is a serious worldwide problem which is increasing and has implications for morbidity, mortality, and health care both in hospitals and in the community. Objectives: To analyze current research on the determinants of antibiotic resistance and comprehensively review the main factors in the process of resistance in order to aid our understanding and assessment of this problem. Methods: We conducted a MedLine search using the key words "determinants", "antibiotic", and "antibiotic resistance" to identify publications between 1995 and 2007 on the determinants of antibiotic resistance. Publications that did not address the determinants of antibiotic resistance were excluded. Results: The process and determinants of antibiotic resistance are described, beginning with the development of antibiotics, resistance and the mechanisms of resistance, sociocultural determinants of resistance, the consequences of antibiotic resistance, and alternative measures proposed to combat antibiotic resistance. Conclusions: Analysis of the published literature identifi ed the main determinants of antibiotic resistance as irrational use of antibiotics in humans and animal species, insuffi cient patient education when antibiotics are prescribed, lack of guidelines for treatment and control of infections, lack of scientifi c information for physicians on the rational use of antibiotics, and lack of offi cial government policy on the rational use of antibiotics in public and private hospitals.

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Resistencia antimicrobiana en las Américas: magnitud del problema y su contención

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Acute respiratory infections control in the context of the IMCI strategy in the Americas

Acute respiratory infections control in the context of the IMCI strategy in the Americas

High prevalence of t895 and t9364 spa types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico: different lineages of clonal complex 5

The determinants of the antibiotic resistance process

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