Study of a cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak in General Vedia, Province of Chaco, 1996

Abstract

Between March and July 1996, a focalized epidemic outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in General Vedia, province of Chaco, associated to the gallery forest of the Oro river was verified. The incidence rate in the area, which was 0-2/000 cases in preceding years, reached 8/000 cases in 1996. The risk of symptomatic infection was similar between sexes, but was different when analizing the different age groups by sex, suggesting a greater relative importance of the peridomestic transmission for the females and of the transmission in the subtropical forest for the males. Specimens of Lutzomyia intermedia, a species already incriminated as a vector of Leishmaniasis in other provinces of northern Argentina, were captured and identified in the focus locality in May 1996. The possible causes of the outbreak related to the climatic variables and the vector abundance are analyzed and the results in the framework of possible preventive and control activities are discussed.

Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in Argentina

“…neivai is the prevalent species. ACL outbreaks were reported in: (1) the General Vedia and Cancha Larga Chaco (Miranda et al 1999, Salomón et al 2001; (2) in San Martín, Loreto, Atamisqui and Silipica, Santiago del Estero, with peridomestic transmission enhanced by closeness to the rivers (Yadón et al 2001(Yadón et al , 2003and (3) in Laishi (Basualdo unpublished observations) and Lomitas, Formosa (Salomón et al 2006b) on the Bermejo river gallery forest that extends the Yungas landscape inside the DC region (Sennhauser 1991). The annual pattern of Lu.…”

“…Outbreaks were reported that related to the deforestation of "hot spots" from the 1934 "Chaco war" (González & Oliveira y Silva 1939, González & Arce Queirolo 1955, Miranda et al 1999. During the last 15 years, reports of ACL incidence and periurban outbreaks have increased (Salomón et al 2001, Yadón et al 2001, 2003. The endemic dispersion or epidemic concentration of different ACL transmission patterns was hypothesized to be associated with different phlebotominae diversity/abundance in the different landscapes (Salomon et al 2006b, c).…”

Urban Transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Argentina: Spatial Analysis Study

“…1 American cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in nine neighboring provinces of northern Argentina located between 22°21'S, 64°39'W and 28°22'S, 65°21'W, which include the provinces of Salta, Jujuy, Catamarca, Tucumán, Misiones, Corrientes, Chaco, Santiago del Estero, and Formosa. 2 The etiologic agents are protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania , and the predominant species in this area has been identified as Leishmania ( Viannia ) braziliensis , although Leishmania ( Leishmania ) amazonensis and Leishmania ( V. ) guyanensis have also been identified in a few cases. 3,4 The sand fly vectors of this disease belong to the family Psychodidae and the subfamily Phlebotominae.…”

Phlebotominae sand flies in Paraguay: abundance distribution in the Southeastern region

“…Thus, the risk of humanphlebotomine effective contact is possible even in the vicinity of cities such as Encarnación. L. neivai, L. whitmani, and L. migonei were associated with peridomestic tegumentary leishmaniasis foci in Argentina (Salomón et al 2001a(Salomón et al ,c-e, 2002.…”

“…a : in the literature there are two more species that requires confirmation: Lutzomyia correlimai (Galati 2000), and Lutzomyia teratodes (Young & Duncan 1994) (Rangel et al 1984, Oliveira-Neto et al 2000, Souza et al 2001, in the state of São Paulo (Forattini et al 1972, Gomes et al 1990, Gomes 1994, Tolezano 1994, Stolf et al 1993, Casanova 2001 and in the state of Paraná (Teodoro & Kuhl 1997), and in Argentina (Salomón 2001a(Salomón -e, 2002. However, in a eastern primary forest reserve in the state of Paraná, Brazil, L. ayrozai and L. geniculata were the predominant species (Marcondes et al 2001).…”