LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Bacillus sphaericus 2362 AGAINST Anopheles nuneztovari, Anopheles darlingi AND Anopheles braziliensis (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE)

Abstract

In this present study, preliminary data was obtained regarding the mortality rate of the Amazonian anophelines, Anopheles nuneztovari, Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles braziliensis when subjected to treatment with Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362, the WHO standard strain. Initially, experiments were conducted to test the mortality rate of the three species of anopheline larvae. The third larval instar of An. nuneztovari and the second and third larval instars of An. darlingi proved to be the least susceptible. In other experiments, the same three mosquito species were tested with the standard strain 2362, An. nuneztovari was the least susceptible to this insect pathogen, while An. braziliensis was the most susceptible. This latter species showed a difference in the level of LC50 concentration, when compared to the former, of 2.4, 2.5 and 1.8 in readings taken 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure to the bacillus.

Larvicidal effects of endophytic and basidiomycete fungus extracts on Aedes and Anopheles larvae (Diptera, Culicidae)

“…These products could be considered fungalbased natural larvicides for vector control. Biological control of immature forms of Anopheles nuneztovari and Anopheles darlingi, which are species that are endemic to the Brazilian Amazon, under both laboratory and fi eld conditions, has been well-documented in the literature 35,36 .…”

Efficacy and efficiency of new Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus formulations against Afrotropical anophelines in Western Kenya

“…Especially in South America, efforts are underway to test new, local strains and formulations (Consoli et al . 1997; Rodrigues et al . 1998, 1999) and to integrate them with strategies against adult vectors (Kroeger et al .…”

“…An increasing number of countries in the tropics are realizing the need to integrate microbial larvicides into their mosquito control programmes. Especially in South America, efforts are underway to test new, local strains and formulations (Consoli et al 1997;Rodrigues et al 1998Rodrigues et al , 1999 and to integrate them with strategies against adult vectors (Kroeger et al 1995a,b;Blanco Castro et al 2000;Regis et al 2000a,b). Most of these developments are driven by insecticide resistance, environmental hazard and the recognition of old tools, proven to be useful in the past.…”

The Biological Control of the Malaria Vector

“…In South America for example, considerable efforts are being made in testing new local bacterial strains, their formulations [106,107,108] and the possibility of combining such approaches with others that target mosquitoes at the adult stages [109,110,111,112,113]. Although only few studies were done to test the effect of Bti/Bs on African malaria vectors [38,39,40,41,42,43,44], and although these studies were more of experimental rather than large-scale practical application [45,46], their established results showed effective roles of these Bacillus strains, but highlighted the need for additional work at this particular level, along with broader disseminations and practical implications [105].…”