Research of Antigen and Antibodies From Retroviruses, CMV and HBV Among Prisoners of the Penitentiary Complex of the Region of Campinas, Sp, Brazil

Abstract

Some viruses of the families Retroviridae, such as Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV); Herpesviridae as the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Hepadnaviridae such as the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are liable to be co-transmitted with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Since prisoners are exposed to several and important risk factors involved in the transmission of HIV and the above mentioned viruses, male inmates from the penitentiary complex of Campinas, SP, Brazil, including HIV+ and HIV- ones, were examined for the presence of HTLV-I and/or II antibodies; IgG and IgM anti-CMV antibodies, and the research of the superficial hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg). The presence of anti-HTLV-I and/or II was determined by the Western Blot (WB) technique, whereas IgG and IgM anti-CMV and the search of HBsAg were carried out by the Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA-Abbott Lab). With regard to anti-HTLV-I and/or II, 58.3% (14/24-Number of positive reactions/number of sera examined) were reactive among the anti-HIV positive sera. Conversely, only 12.5% (3/24) among the HIV- negative sera showed positive reactions to HTLV-I and/or II antibodies. When looking for IgG anti-CMV percentages of 97.7% (43/44) and 95% (38/40) were obtained for anti-HIV positive and negative sera, respectively. As to IgM anti-CMV antibodies 11.36% (5/44) and 2.5% (1/40) of reactive sera were found for anti-HIV positive and negative, respectively. The HBsAg was found in 12.8% (5/39) of the sera which were anti-HIV positive.

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients Attending Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya

“…This is consistent with a previous study among HIV patients in Nigeria that found an 11.1% anti-CMV IgM seroprevalence [20]. In another study in Brazil, anti-CMV IgM seroprevalence of 11.36% among HIV infected prison inmates was reported [21].…”

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1/2 Infection in Central Brazil Prisons: A Multicenter Study

“…One sample (ID-573) was HTLV indeterminate in the western blot test, but anti-HTLV was detected by ELISA method and the presence of HTLV proviral DNA was detected by amplification of the HTLV Tax gene through nested-PCR. The finding of indeterminate results in the WB for HTLV and positive by PCR has already been reported in other studies (Broutet et al, 1996;Osti et al, 1998;Ji et al, 2020;Halbrook et al, 2021). About this phenomenon, one hypothesis that we can consider is a longer time for seroconversion that can be associated with low antigenic stimulation due to the defective proviruses (Cánepa et al, 2015;Kuramitsu et al, 2017;Gomes et al, 2020).…”

“…However, he reported irregular condom use, non-injected drug use, and a history of treating tuberculosis. Conclusions regarding routes of transmission cannot be drawn from this single case of HTLV/HIV co-infection (Osti et al, 1998;Prasetyo et al, 2013;Kozlowski et al, 2016).…”

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among prison inmates in state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

“…Although knowledge regarding the epidemiological status of HBV infection among the prison population is important to identify specific risk factors in order to implement appropriate prevention measures 9 , few studies in this population have been conducted in Brazil 8,11,15,18 . Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors for HBV infection among prison inmates in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.…”