Changing patterns of Salmonella serovars: increase of Salmonella Enteritidis in São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Serovars of a total of 5,490 Salmonella strains isolated during the period of 1991-95, from human infections (2,254 strains) and from non-human materials (3,236 strains) were evaluated. In the studied period, 81 different serovars were determined among human isolates. Salmonella Enteritidis corresponded to 1.2% in 1991, 2% in 1992, 10.1% in 1993, 43.3% in 1994, and 64.9% in 1995 of all isolates. A significant rise on the isolation of this serovar was seen since 1993 linked to food poisoning outbreaks. It is reported also an increase on the isolation of S. Enteritidis from blood cultures, associated mainly with patients with immunodeficiency syndrome. S. Enteritidis was prevalent among one hundred and thirty different serovars isolated from non-human sources. Increasing number of isolation of this serovar was seen from shell eggs, breeding flocks and from environmental samples. It is also reported a contamination of commercial feed stuffs by S. Enteritidis which represents a major concern for Brazilian poultry industry.

Experimental airborne transmission ofSalmonellaAgona andSalmonellaTyphimurium in weaned pigs

“…Both strains contained a nalidixic acid resistance marker (S. Agona nal+ and S. Typhimurium nal+ ). These serotypes were selected because they have been isolated from healthy pigs in Brazil [10] and are among the leading serotypes isolated from human sources in this country [11].…”

Salmonella em carcaças de frango congeladas

“…Salmonella Enteritidis foi o sorotipo predominante, sendo isolado em 29 carcaças de 48 contaminadas. Esses dados estão de acordo com os dados internacionais (Rodrigue et al 1990) e confirmam o alastramento desse sorotipo no Brasil conforme relatam Tavechio et al (1996) e Taunay et al (1996, em cujos trabalhos observa-se que até 1990 eram raros os isolamentos de Salmonella Enteritidis e depois passaram a predominar de forma consistente. Os achados desta pesquisa demonstraram a participação de alimento de origem aviária como veiculador desta salmonela.…”

“…No Brasil, Tavechio et al (1996) reportaram um aumento do isolamento de Salmonella Enteritidis a partir de 1993. Na Itália, de 1991 a 1994, dos 1699 surtos de origem alimentar, Salmonella foi responsável por 81%, dos quais 34% foram Salmonella Enteritidis (Scuderi et al 1996).…”

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates

“…In Brazil, the increase in the incidence of S. Enteritidis from foodborne outbreaks, human infections, non-human sources, broiler carcasses and other poultry materials has been reported since the 90's (5,6,25,29,33,34), and poultry is likely the main source of human infections (10). Typing of bacteria can be used to determine whether isolates recovered from different patients *Corresponding Author.…”