Experimental airborne transmission of<i>Salmonella</i>Agona and<i>Salmonella</i>Typhimurium in weaned pigs

Oliveira, Celso José Bruno de; Carvalho, Luis Felipe das Chagas e Silva de; Garcia, T.B.

doi:10.1017/s0950268805004668

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, in these experiments only low levels (Ͻ50 CFU/cm) of E. coli O157:H7 were recovered from the tonsils of five pigs at necropsy (Table 2). It has been shown that Salmonella enterica can be transmitted among weaned piglets housed in isolation cabinets via contaminated aerosols (18) or between rooms that have a connected air space (19). The lack of indirect transmission among the sheep in this experiment suggests that E. coli O157:H7 may not have been aerosolized as readily as it was in the experiments using pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Indirect Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Occurs Readily among Swine but Not among Sheep

Cornick

Vu-Khac

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 among reservoir animals is generally thought to occur either by direct contact between a naïve animal and an infected animal or by consumption of food or water containing the organism. Although ruminants are considered the major reservoir, there are two reports of human infections caused by E. coli O157:H7 linked to the consumption of pork products or to the contamination of fresh produce by swine manure. The objective of this study was to determine whether E. coli O157:H7 could be transmitted to naïve animals, both sheep and swine, that did not have any direct contact with an infected donor animal. We recovered E. coli O157:H7 from 10/10 pigs with nose-to-nose contact with the infected donor or animals adjacent to the donor and from 5/6 naïve pigs that were penned in the same room as the donor pig but 10 to 20 ft away. In contrast, when the experiment was repeated with sheep, E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from 4/6 animals that had nose-to-nose contact with the infected donor or adjacent animals and from 0/6 naïve animals penned 10 to 20 ft away from the donor. These results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 is readily transmitted among swine and that transmission can occur by the creation of contaminated aerosols.Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections are an important cause of food-borne illness in much of the world. Human disease usually results from the contamination of food or water by ruminant manure, and cattle are considered to be the primary reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, including serotype O157:H7. Over the last several years E. coli O157:H7 has been recovered from small numbers of healthy pigs in Japan (17), Canada (11), Sweden (9), and the United States (10, 14). Recently, a small cluster of human infections caused by E. coli O157:H7 were traced back to dry fermented pork salami as the source (6). In addition, a large outbreak of human cases in the United States was linked to spinach potentially contaminated by both feral swine and cattle manure (12). E. coli O157:H7 can be carried by experimentally infected swine for at least 2 months (3, 4), and we have shown that transmission between naïve animals penned with an infected donor occurs freely (3,4,8). The objective of the current study was to determine whether or not E. coli O157:H7 could be transmitted to naïve animals that did not have any direct contact with an infected donor animal.(A preliminary report of this work was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Food Safety Consortium, Fayetteville, AR, and at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Toronto, Canada, 2007.) MATERIALS AND METHODSAnimals and pen arrangement. All animal experiments were done with the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Iowa State University. Young adult pigs (100 to 150 lb) and sheep (80 to 120 lb) were purchased from various commercial sources and were acclimated to antibioticfree feed (for the pigs, Lean Grow 100 [Land O' Lakes] was used; for the sheep, a commercial concentrat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Typical behavior in pigs during feeding and rooting can result in the deposition of contaminated food and feces in the nasal cavity (1,18). It seems likely that this behavior would also produce infectious aerosols regardless of whether an enteric pathogen was already present in the oral cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Occurs Readily among Swine but Not among Sheep

Cornick

Vu-Khac

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…However, the possibility of entry and transmission of Salmonella through the respiratory route has historically received little attention. 4,32,34,35 In modern poultry production, birds are held in the hatcheries for about 12-24 hours. Hatched birds experience prolonged high-density confinement in the hatchery, where they are exposed to circulating air that can carry Salmonella and other pathogens.…”

Section: The Hatcherymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential airborne transmission of zoonotic enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella, has not been well studied, even after repeated efforts, with reports suggesting that airborne transmission of Salmonella is possible. [3][4][5] Much of the uncertainty regarding airborne transmission and infection by Salmonella and other enteric pathogens has been associated with the relationship between bioaerosol particle size and number as well as the dose of pathogen it is carrying. [6][7][8] Also, it is an established impression that bioaerosol generation and airborne transmission of a pathogen might be possible, but that infection eventually has to be fecal-oral, because settling of the microbe on feed and other surfaces will lead to infection through ingestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of respiratory route as a viable portal of entry for Salmonella in poultry

Kallapura¹,

Hernández-Velasco²,

Pumford³

et al. 2014

VMRR

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“…Additionally, it has been recognised that the airborne transmission of Salmonella spp. among animals over short distances can occur (Davis and Morishita, 2005;Oliveira et al, 2006). David and Morishita (2005) also recovered airborne Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material particulado y bioaerosoles en el aire de granjas de aves y conejos: cuantificación, caracterización y medidas de reducción

Sales¹

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En su conjunto, los resultados presentados en esta Tesis Doctoral proporcionan una información útil sobre el PM y los bioaerosoles en el aire de alojamientos ganaderos, que permitirá diseñar e implementar medidas de reducción prácticas y eficaces que mejoren la calidad del aire en los alojamientos ganaderos y reduzcan su emisión al exterior.v Abstract Livestock houses are an important source of particulate matter (PM) and bioaerosols. These substances can have a detrimental effect on human and animal health and the environment, as well. Knowledge on the origin of PM and bioaerosols in livestock houses and the factors affecting their generation and aerosolization is necessary to reduce them. The present PhD thesis addresses issues related with the concentration, origin and physical, chemical and biological properties of airborne PM in rabbit and poultry farms, their relationship with pathogenic bioaerosols and techniques to reduce them. This work aims to contribute to alleviate the negative effects of these substances both indoor and outdoor livestock houses.The specific objectives within this PhD thesis were i). to characterize airborne PM in rabbit farms in terms of morphology, chemical composition and bacterial concentration in different size fractions, ii). to quantify airborne PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and emissions in rabbit farms, and to identify the main factors related with farm activities influencing PM generation, iii). to assess the spatial distribution of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in the air during a broiler cycle and examine their relationship with the concentration and evolution of PM, iv). to compare the performance of techniques to sample and detect airborne Salmonella spp. in broiler farms and v). to evaluate the application of an air disinfectant to reduce airborne microorganism in a commercial laying hen house, with focus on its effect on Mycoplasma spp.The results of this thesis suggest that poultry and rabbit houses generate and emit relevant amounts of PM and bioaerosols which can exceed the limit values established in Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe, especially in poultry farms. Therefore, these substances must be controlled and reduced to protect the environment and the health and welfare of humans and animals.In rabbit houses, PM showed a complex morphology and chemical composition, being fragmentation type particles with irregular and acute edges, rich in S, Ca, Mg, Na and Cl the most abundant. The concentration of mesophilic aerobic bacteria per cubic meter in the air varied between 3.1x10 3 and 1.6x10 6 colony forming units, CFU. The main sources of PM were skin, animal feed and faeces from cleaning activities, specially sweeping and the animals themselves. The average concentration of PM10 (particles vi smaller than 10 µm in diameter) was 0.08 ± 0.06 mg/m 3 for fattening rabbits and 0.05±0.06 mg/m 3 for reproductive does and the average concentration of PM2.5 (particles smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter) was 0.01±0.02 mg/m 3 for fattening ra...

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Experimental airborne transmission ofSalmonellaAgona andSalmonellaTyphimurium in weaned pigs

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

Indirect Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Occurs Readily among Swine but Not among Sheep

Indirect Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Occurs Readily among Swine but Not among Sheep

Evaluation of respiratory route as a viable portal of entry for Salmonella in poultry

Material particulado y bioaerosoles en el aire de granjas de aves y conejos: cuantificación, caracterización y medidas de reducción

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