Occurence of Giardia lamblia in children of municipal day-care centers from Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil

Guimarães, Semíramis; Sogayar, Maria Inês L.

doi:10.1590/s0036-46651995000600005

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This situation may have occurred on account of the socioeconomic and social profile of this community which presented low family income, poor residential hygiene and at-risk personnel, which also can be attributed to frequent agglomeration that is characteristic of the nursery-school environment. In the same nursery school the same pattern of infection was observed 13 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The low frequencies of helminthes, especially A. lumbricoides (6.09%) and T. trichiura (5.73%) found in this inquiry, compared to the rates of 13.90% -33.00% (A. lumbricoides) and 3.70% -25.00% (T. trichiura) observed by other authors 5,6,13,31 , may be attributed to improvements in the water supply and in sanitary installations, so that the majority of children researched presented running water and sewer service in their residences. There is a historical tendency toward reduction of these parasites in the State of São Paulo, attributable to improvements in the water and sewer network 9,17 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

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Occurrence of enteroparasites in day care centers in Botucatu (São Paulo State, Brazil) with emphasis on Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterobius vermicularis

Carvalho

Mascarini

2006

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe occurrence of the enteroparasites was verified in 279 children (0 to 6 years) of four municipal day cares of Botucatu/SP. Three samples of each child's feces were collected and processed by the methods of Hoffman-Pons-Janner, Faust and Ritchie and subsequent coloration of the fecal smear by the methods of Auramina-O and Ziehl-Neelsen modified for diagnosis of Cryptosporidium sp. and Graham method for diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis. Of the analyzed children we verified a prevalence of intestinal parasitism in 53.40%, and the most frequent parasite was Giardia duodenalis (26.88%). Significant association was verified among enteroparasitosis, family income, maternal education and age; the lowest enteroparasite frequency occurred in children of families with larger income and higher education. It was observed that G. duodenalis is more prevalent in children from 0 to 4 years and E. vermicularis is more frequent in children between three and four years old. The high enteroparasite prevalence in day cares suggests complex structure in its epidemiology, where factors beyond sanitation should be considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Occurrence of enteroparasites in day care centers in Botucatu (São Paulo State, Brazil) with emphasis on Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterobius vermicularis

Carvalho

Mascarini

2006

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…No children of the 0-1 age category were found to be infected with S. stercoralis compatible with other research previously published: Marzochi and Carvalheiro (1978), Almeida and Costa-Cruz (1988), Berbert-Ferreira and Costa-Cruz (1995), Guimarães and Sogayar (1995). In the other age categories the rate of positive cases varied from 10.3% to 20.5% for S. stercoralis involving, 10.9% to 19% of children, indicating that this parasite is hyperendemic in the city.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Strongyloides stercoralis and other Enteroparasites in Children at Uberlândia City, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Machado

Costa-Cruz²

1998

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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To evaluate the rate of infection by Strongyloides stercoralis and other enteroparasites a survey was conducted in the city of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 900 stool samples from 300 children aging from four months to seven years, randomly selected in ten nursery schools from September 1994 to December 1995 The occurrence of S. stercoralis in children aged from 0-14 years in some Brazilian states is summarized in Table I.This study aimed at surveying the prevalence of S. stercoralis and other enteroparasites in nursing school children aging from four months to seven years, in Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from September 1994 to December 1995. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn 1994 Uberlândia had 49 nursery schools, from these ten were taken at random. The size of the sample was calculated according to the formula: n = Z 2 x P x Q/d² (Rodrigues 1986) considering (Z) of 95%; (d) of 5%; (P) of 10%, obtained in a pilot study in three nursery schools, and a non-observed value (Q) of 90%; with the size of the sample (n) evaluated at 138 persons. This sample was amplified and 300 children were selected at random, 30 at each of the pre-determined school; these children were later identified according to sex and Three fecal samples from each child were collected in plastic vials without preservatives with intervals of four to six days. The samples were stored in boxes with ice and analyzed at the Laboratory of Parasitology of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia by the methods of Baermann and Moraes (BM) (Baermann 1917, Moraes 1948 and Lutz (Lutz 1919). For more adequate reading of the slides the larvae were fixed using 0.2 ml of a 10% solution of formalin applied to the residue of the first method. Five slides were prepared for the BM analysis and six for the Lutz analysis for each of the 900 samples. The total number of slides examination was thus 9900.All the families of the children received the results of the laboratory diagnosis. The positive cases were referred to the Pediatric Polyclinic, where they received specific treatment.The data were processed using the analysis of variance (Anova) and the Students' t according to Malleta (1992). RESULTSS. stercoralis infection -From the 300 children studied 39 (13%) were infected with larvae of S. stercoralis in one of the three periods sampled. Of these cases, 28 cases were detected only by BM method (71.8%), nine of them only by the Lutz' method (23.1%) and two by both methods (5.1%). These differences were statistically significant by Anova, GL 2 and 6. Of these 39 cases nine (23%)

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“…Concerning the samples preserved in 10% Formalin for 2 months, the ProSpecT Giardia Microplate Assay, by using both readings (Table 1), detected 27 of 30 positive samples (sensitivity = 90.0%) and was negative in 59 of 60 G. lamblia-negative specimens (specificity = 98.3%). (12). Several patients presented more than one intestinal parasite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence rates may reach 20 to 60% in some areas in the developing countries 9 . It ranges between 13.8 to 63.3% for children in different Brazilian regions 3,7,12,27 . Other studies which include adults and children 4,18,20 or only adults 5 , report prevalence rates of 18 to 22%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of a Giardia lamblia coproantigen by using a commercially available immunoenzymatic assay, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Rocha

Mello

Guimarães

et al. 1999

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYIt is known that fecal examination to detect Giardia lamblia cysts or trophozoites produces a high percentage of false-negative results. A commercially available immunoenzymatic assay (ProSpecT Giardia Microplate Assay, Alexon, Inc., BIOBRÁS) to detect G. lamblia specific coproantigen was evaluated for the first time in Brazil. A total of 90 specimens were tested. Each specimen was first tested as unpreserved stool, and then it was preserved in 10% Formalin to be tested 2 months later. The assay was able to identify all the 30 positive patients (sensitivity = 100.0%) by visual or spectrophotometric examination in the unpreserved specimens and was negative in 57 of the 60 patients without G. lamblia (specificity = 95.0%). The assay identified 27 of the 30 positive patients (sensitivity = 90.0%) and was negative in 59 of the 60 negatives (specificity = 98.3%) in the preserved stools according to both readings. A marked difference was observed in the optical densities in both groups, preserved and unpreserved stools, when the G. lamblia-positive specimens were compared to the negative or positive for other intestinal parasites than G. lamblia. The assay seems a good alternative for giardiasis diagnosis, especially when the fecal examination was repeatedly negative and the patient presents giardiasislike symptoms.

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Occurence of Giardia lamblia in children of municipal day-care centers from Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Occurrence of enteroparasites in day care centers in Botucatu (São Paulo State, Brazil) with emphasis on Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterobius vermicularis

Occurrence of enteroparasites in day care centers in Botucatu (São Paulo State, Brazil) with emphasis on Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterobius vermicularis

Strongyloides stercoralis and other Enteroparasites in Children at Uberlândia City, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Detection of a Giardia lamblia coproantigen by using a commercially available immunoenzymatic assay, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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