Viral infections of humans: epidemiology and control

Evans, Alfred S.

doi:10.1590/s0036-46651993000300018

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Current understanding proposes IM risk to be associated with correlates of high socioeconomic status (38), as could also be observed among controls in both countries in the present study (data not shown). Because the likelihood of participation as a control in case-control studies is typically biased toward higher socioeconomic status (24,37), this could potentially obscure an association between IM and HL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Infectious Mononucleosis, Childhood Social Environment, and Risk of Hodgkin Lymphoma

Smedby²,

et al. 2007

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Infectious mononucleosis (IM) has been associated with an increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), implicating a role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in HL development. Although essential to the understanding of the association, it has remained uncertain if the relationship is restricted to the EBVpositive subset of HL. We collected information on mononucleosis history and childhood socioenvironmental characteristics in a population-based study of 586 patients with classic HL and 3,187 controls in Denmark and Sweden. Tumor EBV status was established for 499 cases by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. Odds ratios (OR) for the relationship between HL risk and mononucleosis and other risk factors were estimated by logistic regression for HL in younger (18-44 years) and older (45-74 years) adults, overall and by tumor EBV status. All analyses were adjusted for country-specific measures of maternal education and mononucleosis history. IM was associated with an increased risk of EBV-positive [OR, 3.23; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.89-5.55] but not EBV-negative HL (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.86-2.14). Risk of EBV-positive HL varied with time since IM and was particularly pronounced in younger adults (OR, 3.96; 95% CI,). IM-associated lymphomas occurred with a median of 2.9 years (1.8-4.9 years) after infection. The EBV specificity of the IM association was corroborated by a casecase comparison of IM history between younger adult EBVpositive and EBV-negative HL patients (OR IM EBV+ HL versus EBVÀ HL , 2.68; 95% CI, 1.40-5.12). We found further evidence that IM is associated only with EBV-positive HL. This finding is compatible with the notion that EBV-positive and EBV-negative HL may have different etiologies. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):2382-8]

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Infectious Mononucleosis, Childhood Social Environment, and Risk of Hodgkin Lymphoma

Smedby²,

et al. 2007

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“…EBV asymptomatically establishes persistent infections however, due to effective immune control, only a minority of infected carriers develop spontaneous EBV-associated lymphoma (Heller, Steinherz, Portlock, & Munz, 2007). Infection by EBV is more common in developing countries where sanitation, hygiene, and cooking are not as sterile as nations such as the USA (Evans & Kaslow, 1997).…”

Section: Epstein-barr Virus (Ebv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Lymphoid Malignancy in Asia

Mozaheb¹

2012

Epidemiology Insights

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“…Searching for all of these antibodies is a means of defining infection status and can also help in the differential diagnosis as mononucleosis syndrome may be caused by other pathogens such as rubella, mumps, HHV 6, HCMV, HIV, Toxoplasma gondii, etc. [2,41] . Using only three parameters (VCA IgG, VCA IgM and EBNA-1 IgG), it is generally easy to distinguish acute and past infections in immunocompetent patients [42,43] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection: Problems and solutions

Paschale

Clerici²

2012

WJV

240

251

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Serological tests for antibodies specific for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens are frequently used to define infection status and for the differential diagnosis of other pathogens responsible for mononucleosis syndrome. Using only three parameters [viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG, VCA IgM and EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 IgG],it is normally possible to distinguish acute from past infection: the presence of VCA IgM and VCA IgG without EBNA-1 IgG indicates acute infection, whereas the presence of VCA IgG and EBNA-1 IgG without VCA IgM is typical of past infection. However, serological findings may sometimes be difficult to interpret as VCA IgG can be present without VCA IgM or EBNA-1 IgG in cases of acute or past infection, or all the three parameters may be detected simultaneously in the case of recent infection or during the course of reactivation. A profile of isolated EBNA-1 IgG may also create some doubts. In order to interpret these patterns correctly, it is necessary to determine IgG avidity, identify anti-EBV IgG and IgM antibodies by immunoblotting, and look for heterophile antibodies, anti-EA (D) antibodies or viral genome using molecular biology methods. These tests make it possible to define the status of the infection and solve any problems that may arise in routine laboratory practice.

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Viral infections of humans: epidemiology and control

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Infectious Mononucleosis, Childhood Social Environment, and Risk of Hodgkin Lymphoma

Infectious Mononucleosis, Childhood Social Environment, and Risk of Hodgkin Lymphoma

Epidemiology of Lymphoid Malignancy in Asia

Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection: Problems and solutions

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