Maternidade e paternidade na coorte de nascimentos de 1982 a 2004-5, Pelotas, RS

Abstract

Maternity and paternity in the Pelotas birth cohort from 1982 to 2004-5, Southern Brazil ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To describe the prevalence of maternity and paternity among subjects and its association with perinatal, socioeconomic and demographic variables. METHODS:The participants were youth, aged 23, on the average, accompanied in a cohort study since they were born, in 1982, in Pelotas (Southern Brazil) and interviewed in 2004-5. Those who were considered eligible referred having had one or more children, whether these were liveborns or stillborns. Data was collected on reproductive health as well as socioeconomic and demographic information, by means of two different instruments. The independent variables were sex and skin color, family income in 1982 and in 2004-5, changes in income, birth weight and educational level when aged 23 years old. Crude and adjusted analysis were conducted by means of Poisson regression so as to investigate the effects of the independent variables on maternity/paternity during adolescence. RESULTS:Among the 4,297 youth interviewed, 1,373 (32%) were parents and 842 (19.6%) of these had experienced maternity/paternity during their adolescence. Planned pregnancy of the fi rst child was directly related to the youth's age. Socioeconomic variables were inversely related to the occurrence of maternity/paternity during adolescence. The probability of being an adolescent mother was higher among black and mixed skin colored women, but skin color was not associated to adolescent paternity. CONCLUSIONS:There was a strong relation between adolescent maternity/paternity and socioeconomic conditions, which should be taken into consideration when delineating preventive actions in the fi eld of public health.

<b>Intercorrências obstétricas que ocorrem durante a gravidez na adolescência/Obstetric intercorrences occurring during pregnancy in adolescence<b>

“…Diante dos resultados, destaca-se que a gestação em adolescentes muito jovens é a que apresenta maiores riscos para a mãe e a criança, portanto, devese monitorar a paridade nesse grupo (7,9) . Além disso, uma vez que a maioria delas possuía companheiro, conforme outro estudo (12) , é fundamental incluir o companheiro no cuidado, visto que muitas adolescentes grávidas apontam a falta de uma rede de apoio durante a gestação (3) .…”

“…Além da menarca e da sexarca precoces, contribuem para os altos índices de gravidez na adolescência (6) a baixa escolaridade e o nível socioeconômico, as relações familiares conflitantes, o não uso de métodos contraceptivos e até mesmo a vontade da adolescente em vivenciar a maternidade, por ser percebida como um "passaporte" para entrada na vida adulta (2)(3) . Em um estudo de coorte realizado no Rio Grande do Sul pôde ser confirmado que a baixa escolaridade e renda familiar estão associadas à maternidade e à paternidade na adolescência (7) . Ainda, a gestação na adolescência pode trazer como consequência o abandono escolar, sendo que poucas adolescentes retomam os estudos (1)(2)(3)8) .…”

Family psychosocial characteristics, tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use, and teenage pregnancy

“…In low-income settings, teenage pregnancy can be permeated by positive meanings, where it is taken for granted as a life choice associated with the perception of otherwise limited options and opportunities 3,13 . Motherhood can be seen by the teenage girl as an attempt to ensure a stable relationship with the male partner, to acquire independence from her nuclear family, and to achieve an effective feminine identity, in addition to consolidating a social role that she sees as within her reach 14,15,16 . In a society that culturally assumes marriage as a prior condition for establishing a family, the adolescent girl's stable relationship with the child's father appears to contribute to the representation of early pregnancy as a natural and desirable event 17 .…”

Family psychosocial characteristics, tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use, and teenage pregnancy

“…El objetivo del estudio fue estudiar la asociación entre factores demográficos, características psicosociales familiares, consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras drogas y el embarazo en la adolescencia. Estudio de caso-control con 431 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 16 Contributors C. S. Faler participated in the study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation, and critical revision of the article. S. G. Camara, G. G. Alves, D. R. G. C. Aerts, and J. U Béria collaborated in the study design, data interpretation, critical revision of the article, and final approval for publication.…”