Teores de nutrientes de dois cultivares de oliveira durante o crescimento vegetativo e o florescimento

Abstract

Nutrient content of two olive cultivars during the vegetative growth and floweringThe monitoring of the nutritional status during the different development stages of the plant is important for planning the fertilization, in order to maintain the nutrients in appropriate levels, and the leaf analysis is the best method to evaluate the nutrients levels in plants. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutrients contents in two olive cultivars during vegetative growth and flowering. Two-year-old olive cultivars 'Grappolo' and 'Barnea', obtained from rooting, planted at a spacing of 5 m between rows and 3 m between plants were evaluated. The statistical design was randomized blocks in Split Plot scheme, with 2 x 2 factorial on plot, two cultivars and two phenological stages: plants with vegetative and reproductive shoots, with five replicates and seven plants per plot. The leaf samples were harvested in four seasons: June (at the time of planting) August, September and October when plants began the emission of vegetative shoots and flowers. During the flowering period, the olive tree showed lower nutrients levels than the plants in vegetative stage. The cultivar 'Barnea', due to its fast growth, showed lower nutrients levels during the vegetative and reproductive stages. Key words:Olea europaea L, nutritional status, 'Grappolo', 'Barnea', fertilizer. Para o planejamento de adubações, visando a manter os níveis de nutrientes adequados para as plantas, é importante monitorar seu estado nutricional durante as diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, sendo a análise foliar o melhor método para avaliar os níveis de nutrientes na planta. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar os teores de nutrientes em dois cultivares de oliveira, nas fases de crescimento vegetativo e na floração. Foram avaliados espéci-mes dos cultivares 'Grappolo' e 'Barnea', com dois anos de idade, obtidos a partir do enraizamento de estacas, plantadas no espaçamento de 5 m entre linhas e 3 m entre plantas. Utilizou-se o esquema de parcela sub-dividida, tendo na parcela o fatorial 2 x 2, sendo duas cultivares e duas fases de emissão fenológicas: plantas com brotações vegetativa e reprodutivas, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e sete plantas por parcela. As amostras de folhas foram retiradas em quatro épocas: junho (na ocasião do plantio) e repetidas em agosto, setembro e outubro, quando as plantas iniciaram a emissão de brotações vegetativas e de flores. Na fase de florescimento, a oliveira apresentou menores teores de nutrientes que as plantas em fase vegetativa. O cultivar 'Barnea', por seu hábito de crescimento rápido, apresentou menores teores de nutrientes, durante as fases vegetativa e reprodutiva. Palavras-chave:Olea europaea L, estado nutricional, 'Grappolo', 'Barnea', adubação.

Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and using organomineral fertilization on nutritional behavior and vegetative growth of olive trees

“…However, there were no differences between plants supplied with different fertilizations for B. The difference between seasons may be related to the start of production of the plants, since B is essential for the formation of flower buds and fruit development in olive trees (CARVALHO et al, 2013).…”

“…The lower levels of Mn and Zn after fertilization may be related to the use by plants, because the olive trees that received larger amounts of chemical fertilizer showed higher vegetative growth ( Figure 6). Moreover, these micronutrients are involved in the reproductive process (CARVALHO et al, 2013).…”

“…Although the olive tree is considered a rustic species, it needs to be submitted to adequate levels of nutrients in its early stage of growth, because the nutrients perform essential functions in vegetative growth and reproductive development (CARVALHO et al, 2013). The issuance of inflorescences is important to tree development and fruit quality, as well as the quality of the oil (FERNÁNDEZ-ESCOBAR et al, 2006;CHOULIARAS et al, 2009;BOUSSADIA et al;.…”

Visual symptoms and nutritional deficiencies in olive trees under subjected to nutrient deprivation

“…The importance of the olive tree nutritional status has been reported by many authors around the world (Erel et al, 2013;Chatzistathis, Therios, Alifragis, & Dimassi, 2010;Chatzistathis et al, 2009;Toplu, Uygur, & Yildiz, 2009;Rodrigues et al, 2011); however, in Brazil, this subject requires more research, as just a few studies have been conducted (Carvalho et al, 2013;Vieira Neto, Silva, Gonçalves, Zambon, & Villa, 2014).…”

“…Although the olive tree is considered a rustic species with a great capacity to survive and produce in lowfertility soils (Chatzistathis, Therios, & Alifragis, 2009), it must have an adequate level of nutrition to perform the essential functions of vegetative growth and reproductive development (Carvalho, Cruz, Fagundes, & Oliveira, 2013), and nutrition is also important for the quality of the olive fruit and oil (Chouliaras, Tasioula, Chatzissavvidis, Therios, & Tsabolatidou, 2009;Boussadia et al, 2010).…”