Influência das condições de cultivo na composição da semente e do óleo de gergelim

Abstract

Effect of cultivation conditions on the composition of sesame seed and oilFourteen selected sesame genotypes were grown in Patos, Paraíba State, Brazil and Barbalha, Ceará State, Brazil, and the trials were at a randomized block design with five replicates under non-irrigated and irrigated conditions, respectively. Seeds were evaluated for oil yield and chemical composition, while defatted meal was analyzed for amino acids content. The fatty acids and sterols profiles were also evaluated, as well as the characteristics for identity and oil quality. The differences observed between genotypes in the same area were small. However, significant differences (p <0.05) between the areas for oil content and protein were observed, with higher oil content found for genotypes in Barbalha, where the crop was irrigated. Higher amounts of stearic (C18: 0) and oleic acids (C18: 1) were observed for the oil from Patos, while for linoleic acid (C18:2) a higher content was found in Barbalha oil. As for sterols, campesterol, stigmasterol and delta 5 avenasterol were more abundant for samples from Barbalha, and sitosterol for samples from Patos (p <0.05). Some figures observed for some fatty acids, sterols, density and refractive index diverged from the identity characteristics described in Codex Alimentarius (2001), reinforcing the need to set up a national database that can support future changes in this standard. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas sementes de 14 genótipos de gergelim, oriundos de ensaios realizados em delineamento ao acaso, com cinco repetições, cultivados em Patos, na Paraíba, e em Barbalha, no Ceará, em ambientes de sequeiro e irrigado, respectivamente. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto à composição centesimal e quanto ao teor de aminoácidos. No óleo, foram determinados o perfil em ácidos graxos e esteróis, além de características do padrão de identidade e qualidade. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre os locais para o teor de óleo e de proteína, sendo o teor de óleo superior para Barbalha, onde o cultivo foi irrigado. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre as médias de Patos e de Barbalha para os ácidos graxos, sendo que os teores de ácidos esteárico (C18:0) e oleico (C18:1) foram maiores para Patos, enquanto o de ácido linoleico (C18:2) foi maior para Barbalha. Quanto aos teores de esteróis, campesterol, estigmasterol e delta 5 avenasterol, foram maiores para o óleo das amostras de Barbalha, enquanto o de sitosterol foi maior para amostras de Patos (p<0,05). Algumas diferenças foram observadas quanto a ácidos graxos, esteróis, densidade, índice de refração e padrão de identidade, para o óleo de gergelim, do Codex Alimentarius (2001), reforçando a necessidade de construir-se uma base de dados nacional, que possa subsidiar futuras alterações neste padrão.Palavras-chave: óleo, esteróis, ácidos graxos.

Chemical composition of faveleira (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus) seeds collected in different seasons

“…The faveleira seeds analyzed in this study had this behavior only between lots 2 and 3, which, similarly to the results of Amarante et al (2011), were collected in different seasons. However, we found that the seeds from dry seasons showed significantly lower lipid content (p < 0.05) than seeds from the rainy season, corroborating with the results reported by Antoniassi et al (2013), who found higher lipid content (55.98%) for sesame seeds grown under irrigation.…”

“…Amarante et al (2011) found similar results for the nutrient composition of aninga fruit (Montrichardia linifera) between rainy and dry seasons and argued that the incident solar radiation in the dry season leads to greater evaporation and thus contributes to increase the concentration of some components. Antoniassi et al (2013) also observed that sesame seeds cultivated in a rainfed environment had higher protein content (23.16%) than those grown in irrigated environment (18.95%).…”

Avaliação da qualidade oleoquímica das sementes de gergelim (Sesamum indicum) e girassol (Helianthus annus)

“…Os valores médios de acidez encontrados apresentaram-se semelhantes ao estudo realizado por Antoniassi et al (2013), que avaliaram sementes de gergelim provenientes de duas cidades diferentes, por meio da extração do óleo com éter de petróleo, sendo possível que fossem encontrados os valores médios de acidez que variaram entre 0,80 e 1,25 %. A quantidade de ácidos graxos livres considerou também um valor maior, indicando, que esses ácidos graxos estavam em maior concentração no referido óleo.…”

Expression of Enzymes During the Germination of Seeds in Endangered Cerrado Species

“…The water content of the seeds of the species C. bisulcata and C. elegans were 9% and 7%, indicating that they are richer in oil seeds, as they reach the point of hygroscopic equilibrium with lower levels of water, under temperature conditions of 25 C and relative humidity of 60%. Some authors have observed the same behavior in oilseeds as Antoniassi et al (2013) and sesame, Faugno, et al (2016).…”