Percepções de portadores de diabetes sobre a doença: contribuições da Enfermagem

Abstract

RESUMOEste estudo objetivou descrever a percepção dos usuários sobre a diabetes. A pesquisa foi descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa; o cenário foi um hospital na cidade de Belém-PA, com participação de 32 sujeitos. Empregando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática, emergiram quatro categorias: Controle do diabetes: a enfermagem na automonitorização da glicemia; O diabético e a enfermagem: uma interação para o autocuidado; Consulta de enfermagem ao diabético: a intervenção no processo saúde-doença; Diabetes e suas complicações: o medo repercutido na perda de funções. Observou-se que o paciente começa a se cuidar impulsionado pelo medo de perder sua saúde, obrigando-o ao autocuidado. O enfermeiro está diretamente ligado com o controle da diabetes, a partir do momento que realiza os cuidados e orientações da automonitorização da doença. Descritores: Diabetes; Educação em Saúde; Enfermagem. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to identify the perceptions of patients concerning diabetes. This is a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which was conducted with 32 subjects, in a hospital in the city of Belem-PA, Brazil. The thematic content analysis was used, from which four categories emerged: Diabetes control: nursing in the self-monitoring of blood glucose; The diabetic individual and nursing: an interaction with self-care; Nursing consultations provided to diabetic individuals: an intervention in the health-disease continuum; Diabetes and its complications: fear of loosing functioning. It was observed that patients start self-care driven by the fear of losing their health, that is, fear forces the patient to practice self-care. Nurses are directly linked to diabetes control as they start providing care and guidance for patients who self-monitor their disease. Key words: Diabetes; Health Education; Nursing. RESUMENEste estudio tuve el objetivo de describir la percepción de los usuarios acerca de la diabetes. Realizó-se una investigación con enfoque descriptivo, exploratorio y cualitativo, en un hospital en la ciudad de Belém-Pará, Brasil, siendo entrevistados 32 sujetos. Fue empleada la técnica de análisis de contenido temático, siendo evidenciadas cuatro categorías: Control de la diabetes: la enfermería en el autocontrol de la glucemia; El diabético y la enfermería: una interacción para el autocuidado; Consulta de enfermería al paciente diabético: intervención en el proceso salud-enfermedad; Diabetes y sus complicaciones: el miedo refl etado en la pérdida de funciones. Fue observado que el paciente comienza a cuidar impulsado por el miedo de perder su salud, y que el miedo hace que el paciente tenga el auto-cuidado de sí mismo. El enfermero está directamente conectado con el control de la diabetes, desde el momento en que realiza el cuidado y la orientación para la automonitorización de la enfermedad.

Correlation of quality of life with the knowledge and attitude of diabetic elderly

“…Added to this, the nursing care in fighting the disease because the professional support can help them in improving QV. 22 A research conducted in Criciuma-SC found that the higher the positive attitude of confrontation of the disease, the greater is the QL in social relationships domain (p<0.05), 10 similar to that obtained in this study. It is considered that the members involved in care should receive support, guidance and clarification favoring family care.…”

“…9 As for the positive correlation between knowledge and physical aspects of QL, it is believed that the elderly with greater knowledge of the disease has better adaptation and familiarity with the requirements of the treatment, as diet, physical activity, and medication use, presenting improvement in self-care to favor the autonomy and decision taking. 22,5 A research among adults and the elderly in Taiwan showed that better understanding and attitude in DM were associated with achieving five or more selfcare dietetic behavior. 23 In this sense, knowledge can contribute to aspects related to dependence on medication or treatment and work capacity, 12 measured in this area.…”

“…A survey performed in Belém-PA identified among individuals with DM, fear of loss of function or body part by amputation arising from complications of the disease. 22 Thus, the multidisciplinary team is responsible for guiding and answering questions about the disease, treatment, and its possible complications; intervene to modifiable risk factors, and provide emotional support to the elderly and their family.…”

Atuação do enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família na prevenção do pé diabético Practice nurse family health strategy in the prevention of diabetic foot

“…23 Feet hygiene was also a target of instructions by the nurses, and it must be performed adequately, keeping the feet clean, especially among the interdigital spaces; thus contributing with the reduction of risk factors for larger injuries, because the improper feet hygiene predisposes to the occurrence of mycosis and infections, and these As regarding the healthcare educational activities for individuals with DM, 12 (31,6%) nurses give instructions such as healthcare education activity; 10 (26,3%) give educational lectures; 9 (23,7%) perform waiting rooms; 5 (13,2%) foster conditions are favorable, especially in the presence of plantar pressure tactile insensitivity, ischemia or both, for metabolic unmanageability and also a possible systemic infection. 24 Feet hydration is also a relevant instruction, since diabetic individuals suffer involvement of the sensitive, motor and autonomic fibers, reducing the sweat in the feet, making them dry and predisposing them to cracks and fissures, which increases the risk of injuries. Also, this instruction is important because studies show that 70,7% of the individuals with DM have dry skin and 50% have cracks in their feet.…”

<b>Nurse training in primary care: educational actions with people living with <i>Diabetes mellitus

“…Indeed, researchers have pointed that the formation of coexistence groups among people living with Diabetes mellitus, composed of qualified health professionals, can be an alternative to share successful experiences, as well as barriers faced, to achieve adherenceto medication treatment, food plan follow-up and physical exercise (Faria, Rodrigues, Zanetti, Araújo, & Damasceno, 2013). In addition, the study by Chaves, Teixeira and Silva (2013) highlights that nursing consultation is of great importance for the users, since they begin to live better with Diabetes mellitus from the moment they create bonds with the nurse that continuously promotes educational actions to improve the quality of life due to working in the health-disease process.…”