O conceito de risco e os seus efeitos simbólicos nos acidentes com instrumentos perfurocortantes

Abstract

Submissão : 30-05-2011 aprovação: 26-11-2012 ReSUmO O estudo objetivou compreender o risco ocupacional como um processo simbólico que estrutura as atividades diárias dos profissionais da área de saúde que manipulam instrumentos perfurocortantes. Pesquisa descritiva realizada em um hospital universitário com dados coletados por meio do levantamento dos acidentes de trabalho no Centro de Tratamento Intensivo adulto e na Lavanderia, pela aplicação de um questionário a 105 profissionais de saúde. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar para conciliar a análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados. Os resultados revelaram que, embora os dados indiquem baixo índice de acidentes, ainda é preciso aprimorar instrumentos como o mapa de riscos e o uso de equipamentos de segurança, bem como investir na capacitação das equipes. descritores: Riscos Ocupacionais; Equipamentos de Segurança; Acidentes de Trabalho. aBStRaCtThe study aims to understand the occupational risks as symbolic processes that shapes the daily activities of health professionals that manipulate sharps objects. Descriptive research was conducted at a university hospital, with information collected through the survey on the accidents at work in Intensive Care and hospital laundry, with the application of 105 questionnaires. The information was analyzed through an interdisciplinary perspective, and enabled the conciliation of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results revealed that although the number of accidents is low, it is still necessary to improve the instruments such as the risk map, the use of safety equipment and staff training. Key words: occupational risks, safety equipment, work accidents. ReSUmeNEl estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender los riesgos profesionales en los procesos simbólicos que dan forma a las actividades diarias de los trabajadores de salud que manipulan instrumentos cortantes. Investigación descriptiva realizada en un hospital universitario de con los datos recogidos a través de la encuesta del accidentes de trabajo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y en el Servicio de lavandería, mediante la aplicación de 105 cuestionarios. Los datos fueron analizados con una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, para una posible conciliación de las análisis cuantitativa y cualitativa. Los resultados revelaron que, aunque los datos indican bajas tasas de accidentes, se necesita mejorar instrumentos tales como el mapa de riesgo, el uso de equipo de seguridad y capacitación del personal.

Risk Perception of Work-Related Burn Injuries From the Workers Perspective

“…The work-hazard relationship creates tension and demands subjective defensive systems on the part of workers, such as adaptation to the risks and dangers. 15 Previous experiences of accidents or near-accidents contribute to subjective evaluation of risk situations and remain in the worker's imagination (stressor intrapersonal), increasing the perception of risk exposure, leading him to carry out the activities with strong apprehension, making him more vulnerable to adverse events. 1 Additionally, we must consider those experiences and past situation reports that did not result in accidents.…”

Assessment of Adherence to Post-Exposure Conducts Among Health Workers: Translation and Cultural Adaptation of an Instrument

“…1 The execution of professional activities in environments where these risks are present can cause diseases and/or occupational accidents. 2 As regards the biological risks, the infectious agents that cause occupational infections and most frequently affect the health workers are the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV). Although preventing exposure is the main measure to avoid this kind of infection, adopting appropriate postexposure conducts is also an important protection factor to avoid occupational illness.…”

“…3 In Brazil, the systemization of occupational accidents involving biological material is recent, impeding knowledge about the magnitude of this problem, 4 but several studies undertaken in the country confirm that nursing workers are constantly exposed to biological material and present the highest rates of occupational accidents involving this kind of exposure. 2,[5][6][7][8][9] Most accidents are due to percutaneous exposure with hollow needles and affect the fingers. The causes of occupational exposure include inappropriate work conditions, non-use of safety material like Individual Protection Equipment (IPE) and retractable-needle devices, inappropriate disposal of piercing-cutting material, [5][6] work overload, fate, professional error and neglect.…”

“…The causes of occupational exposure include inappropriate work conditions, non-use of safety material like Individual Protection Equipment (IPE) and retractable-needle devices, inappropriate disposal of piercing-cutting material, [5][6] work overload, fate, professional error and neglect. 2 That reality is a source of concern, as compliance with the post-exposure conducts remains unsatisfactory among the health professionals. [10][11][12] Studies show that about 30% of the professionals who are victims of accidents involving biological material do not seek specialized clinical care to start the recommended post-exposure conducts.…”

Percepção dos riscos ocupacionais por profissionais de um laboratório de imunodiagnóstico

“…Naquela oportunidade, a amostra fonte tinha sido soronegativa para marcadores recomendados pela ANVISA para casos de acidentes. Segundo Silva (2012), o maior índice de acidentes de trabalho com profissionais da saúde está relacionado com materiais perfuro cortantes 21 . Três incidentes decorrentes de curto circuito no disjuntor elétrico do setor foram relatados.…”